{"id":1048,"date":"2021-03-16T16:26:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T15:26:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?post_type=lexo-post&p=1048"},"modified":"2021-03-25T10:33:44","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T09:33:44","slug":"puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se","status":"publish","type":"lexo-post","link":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/lexo-post\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/","title":{"rendered":"Puna e papaguar e grave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kan\u00eb kaluar af\u00ebr 80 vite q\u00eb kur ekonomist\u00ebt britanez James Meade dhe Richard Stone shpik\u00ebn nj\u00eb metod\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i llogaritur t\u00eb ardhurat komb\u00ebtare. Kjo metod\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u  shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb globale. Sot, kjo praktik\u00eb njihet si produkt i brendsh\u00ebm bruto<\/em> (BPV-ja) i nj\u00eb vendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metoda e tyre kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb ofronte nj\u00eb pamje t\u00ebr\u00ebsore dhe t\u00eb azhurnuar t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, duke e vler\u00ebsuar vler\u00ebn monetare t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhimit \u201cekonomik\u201d i cili zhvillohej brenda nj\u00eb vendi p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe 1 vje\u00e7are. Ashtu si shumica e statistikant\u00ebve ekonomik t\u00eb asaj periudhe kohore, Meade dhe Stone u p\u00ebrqendruan pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb matjen e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb bliheshin dhe shiteshin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por shpejt u shfaq nj\u00eb problem si pasoj\u00eb e p\u00ebrvojave t\u00eb nj\u00eb gruaje 23-vej\u00e7are t\u00eb quajtur Phyllis Deane. Ajo u pun\u00ebsua nga Meade dhe Stone n\u00eb 1941 p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar metod\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb disa koloni britaneze. N\u00eb Malavin\u00eb dhe Zambian e sotme, Deane e kuptoi se ishte gabim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohej  nga BPV-ja puna e papaguar e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb punim k\u00ebrkimor q\u00eb botova s\u00eb fundmi mbi historin\u00eb e BPV-s\u00eb, kam shkruar se Deane besonte se kjo konvent\u00eb e p\u00ebrjashtonte nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb aktivitetit prodhues – ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn rurale. Ajo argumentoi se ishte e \u201cpalogjikshme\u201d t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohej vlera ekonomike e p\u00ebrgatitjes dhe gatimit t\u00eb ushqimit si dhe mbledhja e druve p\u00ebr zjarr. Ajo shp\u00ebrfaqi q\u00eb lloje t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb pun\u00ebs ishin p\u00ebrjashtuar historikisht sepse ato zakonisht shiheshin si pun\u00eb t\u00eb grave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur se cilat aktivitete t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb llogaritjen e saj t\u00eb BPV, Deane kaloi muaj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb duke kryer sondazhe n\u00eb fshatra p\u00ebr t\u00eb matur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb r\u00ebnda si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mbledhja e druve t\u00eb zjarrit n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se n\u00ebse qeverit\u00eb duan t\u00eb formulonin politika q\u00eb rrisnin t\u00eb hyrat komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grumbulluara dhe siguronin nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb tyre, kontributet e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhuesve – p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe grat\u00eb e zonave rurale – duhej t\u00eb llogariteshin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shtat\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb ardhshme, llogaritjet e BPV nuk do e p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguar (q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve pun\u00eb e grave). Por puna e Deane na tregon se kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb matur prodhimin ekonomik. P\u00ebrderisa llogaritja e BPV-s\u00eb po i n\u00ebnshtrohet  kritik\u00ebs n\u00eb rritje, ne duhet ta v\u00ebshtrojm\u00eb pun\u00ebn e saj k\u00ebrkimore si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr ta avancuar at\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Padukshm\u00ebria e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb grave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richard Stone u kushtoi pak v\u00ebmendje rekomandimeve t\u00eb Deane. N\u00eb vitin 1953, ai mbik\u00ebqyri botimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb Sistemit t\u00eb Llogarive Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Ky raport ofroi praktika t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr llogaritjen e GDP-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ky sistem e injoroi thirrjen e Deane p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguar sht\u00ebpiake. Dhe meqen\u00ebse programet e asistenc\u00ebs teknike t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara k\u00ebrkonin q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohej q\u00eb vendet me t\u00eb ardhura m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb mesme t\u00eb ndiqnin praktikat e k\u00ebtij sistemi, metoda e Stone shkaktoi pasoja globale. Aktivitetet q\u00eb ishin thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme n\u00eb vendet Afrikane me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta – si marrja e ujit, bluarja e misrit dhe g\u00ebrshetimi i shtrojeve – nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb llogarit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo padukshm\u00ebri e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb grave n\u00eb llogaritjen e t\u00eb ardhurave komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebrfundimisht provokoi nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr. Gjersa k\u00ebrkohej q\u00eb puna sht\u00ebpiake e grave t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet ekonomikisht, studiueset-aktiviste si filozofja italiane Silvia Federici, e cila dha m\u00ebsim p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite n\u00eb Nigeri, argumentoi se prodhimi \u201cekonomik\u201d i burrave do t\u00eb ishte i pamundur pa pun\u00ebn \u201cjo-ekonomike\u201d t\u00eb pa kompenzuar t\u00eb grave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr shembull, pa nj\u00eb grua q\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, si do t\u00eb kishte koh\u00eb apo energji burri t\u2019a p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb rolin e tij t\u00eb stereotipizuar si mbajt\u00ebs i familjes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koha p\u00ebrpara paras\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disa ekononomiste feministe shpalos\u00ebn nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb vitin 1999, ekonomistja e Zeland\u00ebs s\u00eb Re Marilyn Waring artikuloi shqet\u00ebsimin e saj p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfshirjen e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb vend se t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej aktiviteti ekonomik p\u00ebr t\u00eb matur vler\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs, Waring b\u00ebri thirrje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb treguesi tjet\u00ebr: koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koha, shpjegoi ajo, ishte \u201caktiviteti n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin duhet t\u00eb investojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u201d. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb hulumtimet q\u00eb kreu n\u00eb zon\u00ebn rurale t\u00eb Kenias, ajo argumentoi se sondazhet q\u00eb e masin koh\u00ebn e shpenzuar demonstrojn\u00eb se cila gjini detyrohet t\u00eb kryej pun\u00ebt vart\u00ebse, t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme, me status t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, t\u00eb padukshme dhe t\u00eb papaguara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sondazhe t\u00eb tilla do t\u00eb tregonin se si nd\u00ebrhyrjet e synuara, si qasja n\u00eb uj\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe mjete efikase t\u00eb gatimit, mund ta leht\u00ebsojn\u00eb mundimin q\u00eb vjen nga pun\u00ebt sht\u00ebpiake dhe t\u2019i lejoj miliarda gra t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb liri m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si ato i shpenzojn\u00eb dit\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitin 2008, autor\u00ebt e versionit t\u00eb rishikuar t\u00eb Sistemit t\u00eb Llogarive Komb\u00ebtare iu p\u00ebrgjigjen kritik\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre feminist\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kompromisi. Ata ran\u00eb dakord t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin prodhimin e t\u00eb gjitha mallrave – pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse k\u00ebto ishin t\u00eb shitura ose jo – n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb aktivitetet si endja e shtrojeve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin gjithashtu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, ata vazhduan t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e sh\u00ebrbimeve sht\u00ebpiake t\u00eb papaguara si gatimi dhe pastrimi. Sistemi i rishikuar injoroi thirrjet e Deane dhe Waring p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi shp\u00ebrndarjen e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb shpenzuar p\u00ebr aktivitete ditore sipas gjinive. Kjo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb rritet kritika ndaj sistemit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb dekadat e fundit, ekonomia feministe ka treguar se si metodat p\u00ebr llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb luajn\u00eb rol n\u00eb rritjen e padukshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb pun\u00ebve q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb grat\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb sondazhet dhe studimet mbi p\u00ebrdorimin e koh\u00ebs tregojn\u00eb mbi barr\u00ebn q\u00eb k\u00ebto pun\u00eb kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e grave, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb raport s\u00eb fundmi zbuloi se qindra miliona gra n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn duhet t\u00eb ecin mbi 30 minuta p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar qasje n\u00eb uj\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr p\u00ebr familjet e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E ardhmja e GDP-s\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb raport i vitit 2009 i k\u00ebrkuar nga presidenti i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm francez Nicolas Sarkozy, tregoi se p\u00ebr shkak se BPV-ja \u201ctrajtohet si mat\u00ebs i mir\u00ebqenies ekonomike\u201d kjo \u201cmund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb tregues \u00e7orientues mbi mir\u00ebqenien e njer\u00ebzve dhe mund t\u00eb prodhoj vendime t\u00eb gabuara p\u00ebr politika\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koh\u00ebt e fundit, Banka Bot\u00ebrore theksoi q\u00eb BPV-ja mat\u00eb vet\u00ebm rrjedh\u00ebn e t\u00eb hyrave por nuk na tregon n\u00ebse kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, arsimi dhe pasuria e bot\u00ebs natyrore po zhvillohen apo shkat\u00ebrrohen. The Economist <\/em>b\u00ebri thirrje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u201cmetrik\u00eb t\u00eb re\u201d t\u00eb progresit ekonomik q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb \u201cpun\u00ebn e papaguar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb kujdesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto njohuri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e re. Por ato sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb p\u00ebr treguesit dhe politikat ekonomike q\u00eb studiueset feministe kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur prej koh\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulja e Silvia Federici se puna sht\u00ebpiake duhet t\u00eb paguhet, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e programeve t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb parave n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ebse duam q\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ta nxjerrim pun\u00ebn e grave nga humnera dhe t\u2019i p\u00ebrmbysim rolet stereotipike gjinore q\u00eb i detyrojn\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb se sa \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejt\u00eb, s\u00eb pari duhet t\u2019i ndryshojm\u00eb \u201cperdet\u201d verb\u00ebruese t\u00eb BPV-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E p\u00ebrktheu: Donika \u00c7apriqi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teksti origjinal mund ta gjeni n\u00eb: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/womens-unpaid-work-must-be-included-in-gdp-calculations-lessons-from-history-98110<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1122,"template":"","class_list":["post-1048","lexo-post","type-lexo-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPuna e papaguar e grave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb - QIKA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Puna e papaguar e grave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb - QIKA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kan\u00eb kaluar af\u00ebr 80 vite q\u00eb kur ekonomist\u00ebt britanez James Meade dhe Richard Stone shpik\u00ebn nj\u00eb metod\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i llogaritur t\u00eb ardhurat komb\u00ebtare. 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Kjo metod\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u  shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb globale. Sot, kjo praktik\u00eb njihet si produkt i brendsh\u00ebm bruto (BPV-ja) i nj\u00eb vendi. Metoda e tyre kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb ofronte nj\u00eb […]","og_url":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/","og_site_name":"QIKA","article_modified_time":"2021-03-25T09:33:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":926,"height":615,"url":"https:\/\/qika.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/phobos1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/","url":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/","name":"Puna e papaguar e grave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb - QIKA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/qika.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/phobos1.jpg","datePublished":"2021-03-16T15:26:20+00:00","dateModified":"2021-03-25T09:33:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/qika.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/phobos1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/qika.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/phobos1.jpg","width":926,"height":615},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/puna-e-papaguar-e-grave-duhet-te-perfshihet-ne-llogaritjen-e-bpv-se\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Puna e papaguar e grave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb llogaritjen e BPV-s\u00eb"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/qika.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/qika.org\/","name":"QIKA","description":"Qendra p\u00ebr Informim, Kritik\u00eb dhe Aksion","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lexo-post\/1048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lexo-post"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lexo-post"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}