Studiuesit historikisht e kan\u00eb par\u00eb autizmin si nj\u00eb neurotip t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht \u201cmashkullor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por pse? A \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr shkak se ata i kan\u00eb kushtuar v\u00ebmendje vet\u00ebm simptomave te djemt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa vajzat nuk jan\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar si\u00e7 duhet? Nj\u00eb rishikim i vitit 2020 tregoi se djemt\u00eb kan\u00eb 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa se vajzat t\u00eb referohen p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb autizmit, dhe nj\u00eb studim i vitit 2023 sugjeron se deri n\u00eb 80% e vajzave dhe grave fillimisht marrin nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb t\u00eb ankthit social, \u00e7rregullimeve t\u00eb t\u00eb ngr\u00ebnit ose \u00e7rregullimit t\u00eb personalitetit kufitar p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb diagnostikohen sakt\u00eb si autike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ebto paragjykime dhe mang\u00ebsi jan\u00eb tema q\u00eb preken n\u00eb librin e ri \u201cOff the Spectrum: Why the Science of Autism Has Failed Women and Girls\u201d (Jasht\u00eb Spektrit: Pse shkenca e autizmit i ka d\u00ebshtuar grat\u00eb dhe vajzat), nga ekspertja e imazhit t\u00eb trurit, Gina Rippon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rippon, profesoresh\u00eb emeritus e neuroimazhit kognitiv n\u00eb Aston Brain Center n\u00eb Birmingham, Angli, hulumton sesi dhe pse shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe mjek\u00ebt klinik e kan\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar dhe neglizhuar sistematikisht autizmin te grat\u00eb dhe vajzat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb rishikim t\u00eb vitit 2024, Rippon analizoi mbi 120 studime q\u00eb testonin modelet e trurit p\u00ebr autizmin dhe zbuloi se gati 70% e tyre kishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb vet\u00ebm burra ose shum\u00eb pak gra. Ajo vuri n\u00eb dukje se m\u00eb pak se 10% e 4,000 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb k\u00ebto studime ishin gra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rippon tha se mbeti e habitur kur kuptoi sa thell\u00eb ajo dhe koleg\u00ebt e saj kishin keqkuptuar natyr\u00ebn e autizmit te vajzat dhe grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CNN bisedoi s\u00eb fundmi me Rippon p\u00ebr autizmin te vajzat dhe grat\u00eb, sfidat e diagnostikimit aktual dhe m\u00ebnyrat se si profesionist\u00ebt mjek\u00ebsor\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb qasjen e tyre ndaj vler\u00ebsimeve, duke shmangur paragjykimet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kjo bised\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb redaktuar leht\u00eb dhe e p\u00ebrmbledhur p\u00ebr qart\u00ebsi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> \u00c7far\u00eb ju frym\u00ebzoi t\u00eb hetoni autizmin te vajzat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gina Rippon:<\/strong> Deri von\u00eb, ekzistonte nj\u00eb bindje shum\u00eb e fort\u00eb se autizmi ishte nj\u00eb problem mashkullor. Si rezultat, u zhvillua nj\u00eb industri e madhe rreth diagnostikimit t\u00eb autizmit p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb besueshme n\u00ebse nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb kishte autiz\u00ebm. Por k\u00ebto vler\u00ebsime bazoheshin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb llojin e sjelljeve q\u00eb ishin karakteristike p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb. N\u00ebse vajzat shfaqnin sjellje t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb \u00e7rregulluara, ideja se mund t\u00eb ishte autiz\u00ebm thjesht nuk merrej n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekzistonin testet e ashtuquajtura “standarde t\u00eb arta”, por p\u00ebr shkak se ato ishin krijuar bazuar te djemt\u00eb, vajzat shpesh mbeteshin t\u00eb padiagnostifikuara. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb neuroshkenc\u00ebtare si un\u00eb, e cila donte t\u00eb studionte autizmin te femrat, ishte pothuajse e pamundur t\u00eb gjeja vajza apo gra q\u00eb ishin diagnostikuar si autike. Kjo ide u rr\u00ebnjos aq thell\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjen ton\u00eb, saq\u00eb u b\u00eb nj\u00eb norm\u00eb: \u201cOK, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem mashkullor, ndaj ndoshta duhet t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm djemt\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> Si u b\u00eb sistemi kaq i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> M\u00eb p\u00eblqen t\u00eb them se zaret diagnostikuese ishin t\u00eb ngarkuara q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb nj\u00eb tregues biologjik p\u00ebr autizmin \u2013 nuk ka nj\u00eb rreze X apo ndonj\u00eb test fizik t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim p\u00ebr ta diagnostikuar at\u00eb. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ekziston nj\u00eb gam\u00eb e gjer\u00eb sjelljesh t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb, me kalimin e viteve, jan\u00eb identifikuar si karakteristike p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt autik\u00eb. Por, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si shfaqet te djemt\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kevin Pelphrey, nj\u00eb nga studiuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb autizmit n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ka dy f\u00ebmij\u00eb autik\u00eb \u2013 nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb djal\u00eb. Gruaja e tij p\u00ebrshkruan sa e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ishte p\u00ebr ta q\u00eb t\u00eb diagnostikonin vajz\u00ebn e tyre. Do t\u00eb mendonit se ata do ta dinin mir\u00eb se p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb po flisnin, megjithat\u00eb diagnoza e vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre u hodh posht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet. Ekspert\u00ebt thoshin: \u201cAjo \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e turpshme, do t\u2019i kaloj\u00eb me koh\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN<\/strong>: Pse \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebt t\u00eb identifikojn\u00eb autizmin tek vajzat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> K\u00ebtu kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb paragjykim klasik t\u00eb konfirmimit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb prirja p\u00ebr t\u00eb interpretuar provat e reja si nj\u00eb konfirmim i bindjeve ekzistuese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Studiuesit u kan\u00eb paraqitur m\u00ebsuesve skenare hipotetike dhe identike, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb \u201cKy f\u00ebmij\u00eb shfaq k\u00ebto lloj v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsish n\u00eb klas\u00eb. A mendoni se mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb autik? A ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb?\u201d M\u00ebsuesit kishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr gjasa t\u00eb thoshin po n\u00ebse f\u00ebmija quhej Jack sesa n\u00ebse quhej Chloe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dallimet n\u00eb sjellje te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt autik\u00eb shfaqen q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb momente kur m\u00ebsuesit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb me f\u00ebmij\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb thon\u00eb \u201cKjo sjellje \u00ebsht\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb, duhet ta shqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00eb tej\u201d. Por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebse sjelljet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pazakonta dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb djal\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb konsiderohet autiz\u00ebm, kurse n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb vajz\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb thuhet se \u00ebsht\u00eb e turpshme, ka ankth social dhe ndoshta \u201cdo t\u2019i kaloj\u00eb me koh\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb dyti, autizmi shfaqet ndryshe te vajzat krahasuar me djemt\u00eb. Vajzat q\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsime shpesh i internalizojn\u00eb problemet e tyre. Ato t\u00ebrhiqen, b\u00ebhen t\u00eb turpshme, rrin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb cep dhe nuk p\u00ebrfshihen me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i heshtur dhe i t\u00ebrhequr, askush nuk mendon se mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb problem, madje mund ta anashkalojn\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht. Por n\u00ebse nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb shfaq sjellje agresive, si p\u00ebrplasja e kok\u00ebs mbi bank\u00eb ose goditja e objekteve, sjellje m\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai f\u00ebmij\u00eb do t\u00eb marr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pika e tret\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se ka prova t\u00eb qarta q\u00eb vajzat p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb fshehin ose maskojn\u00eb problemet e tyre. Kjo ndodh shum\u00eb her\u00ebt, rreth mosh\u00ebs 4 ose 5 vje\u00e7. N\u00ebse u b\u00ebn pyetjet e duhura, ato do t\u00eb thon\u00eb \u201cF\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb n\u00eb klas\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se jam e \u00e7uditshme. P\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb kuptoj pse mendojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu dhe mundohem t\u00eb mos dukem e \u00e7uditshme\u201d. Un\u00eb i quaj k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb \u201ckameleon\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e re. N\u00eb vitet 1980, studiuesja Dr. Lorna Wing, e cila ndihmoi n\u00eb zgjerimin e konceptit t\u00eb autizmit, tha \u201cNdoshta vajzat jan\u00eb thjesht m\u00eb t\u00eb afta p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshehur problemet e tyre\u201d dhe \u201cNdoshta vajzat m\u00ebsohen t\u00eb sillen m\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl\u201d. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranueshme n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri q\u00eb vajzat t\u00eb shfaqin sjellje impulsive, ndaj nuk e b\u00ebjn\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb t\u00eb re q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb duke luftuar me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> T\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb me t\u00eb cilat kam folur m\u00eb than\u00eb se reagimi i tyre i par\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm pas marrjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb diagnoze t\u00eb autizmit ishte ndjenja e leht\u00ebsimit, sepse papritur gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre filloi t\u00eb kishte kuptim. P\u00ebr grat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rritura, kjo shpesh pasohej nga nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb keqardhjeje, duke menduar se sa ndryshe do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb jeta e tyre n\u00ebse do ta kishin ditur m\u00eb her\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr vajzat q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb me d\u00ebshp\u00ebrim t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb grupi, ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb b\u00ebri p\u00ebrshtypje ishte sa shum\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrplaset me perceptimin e zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb autizmit si nj\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb shkakton izolim, sikur njer\u00ebzit autik\u00eb t\u00eb mos ishin t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr kontaktet shoq\u00ebrore. Tek vajzat autike ndodh pothuajse e kund\u00ebrta. Ato kan\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u lidhur me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, por u mungon ajo q\u00eb mund ta quajm\u00eb instinkt shoq\u00ebror, aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se si t\u00eb sillen n\u00eb situata sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nj\u00eb nga vajzat me t\u00eb cilat fola p\u00ebr librin tim m\u00eb tha se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb si m\u00ebnyra se si njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb shurdh\u00ebr nga lindja nuk mund ta kuptojn\u00eb se ekziston nj\u00eb element i paduksh\u00ebm, tingulli i fjal\u00ebve, q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar. Vajzat autike mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhen si \u201ct\u00eb shurdh\u00ebra\u201d ndaj gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb sjelljes sociale, ato nuk e kuptojn\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm si t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb drejt, si t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb kontakt me sy apo se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme t\u00eb flas\u00ebsh p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn tem\u00eb t\u00eb preferuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb or\u00eb rresht. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto vajza, nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7liruese dhe v\u00ebrtetuese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> Si mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt t\u00eb diagnostikojn\u00eb vajzat n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb re?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb ka t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen \u00ebsht\u00eb se koncepti i hypersensibilitetit ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve sensoriale, si rrobat q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb kruarje, dritat e ndritshme, er\u00ebzat dhe t\u00eb tjera, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb p\u00ebr vajzat n\u00eb spektrin autik sesa p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb. Dhe kjo ka hyr\u00eb vet\u00ebm koh\u00ebt e fundit n\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb edicionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Manualit Diagnostik dhe Statistikor t\u00eb \u00c7rregullimeve Mendor\u00eb (DSM-5-TR). Pavar\u00ebsisht se \u00e7\u00ebshtjet sensoriale kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr autizmin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe shpesh her\u00eb ka raporte p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb autik\u00eb q\u00eb urrejn\u00eb zhurmat e larta ose dritat e ndritshme, ato nuk ishin nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb diagnostikuese deri relativisht koh\u00ebt e fundit. T\u00eb p\u00ebrfshish k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb kriteret diagnostikuese mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rritja e nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimit dhe pranimi q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt autik\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dy gjinive duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr akomodime speciale n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, si marrja e testeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ose p\u00ebrdorimi i kufjeve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebr vajzat autike, si kameleon\u00ebt, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj asaj q\u00eb ato e perceptojn\u00eb si refuzim shoq\u00ebror, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet dashamir\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Disa nga intervistat m\u00eb t\u00eb trishtueshme q\u00eb kam pasur ishin ato me vajza t\u00eb reja q\u00eb ishin jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr faktin se njer\u00ebzit mendonin se ato ishin t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme dhe t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> \u00c7far\u00eb roli mund t\u00eb luaj\u00eb mjek\u00ebsia k\u00ebtu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> Nuk jam adhuruese i zgjidhjeve farmaceutike p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl, pjes\u00ebrisht sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb kur truri yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht plastik. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, shqet\u00ebsimet e gjumit dhe \u00e7rregullimet gastrointestinale jan\u00eb karakteristike te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt autik\u00eb, dhe n\u00ebse nuk trajtohen, k\u00ebto probleme mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjn\u00eb me aktivitetet shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gjithashtu, ka shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb autizmit q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb trajtohen. Shumica e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive t\u00eb sjelljes q\u00eb kan\u00eb individ\u00ebt autik\u00eb jan\u00eb pasojat e autizmit t\u00eb tyre. Ata ndjehen shum\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar sepse nuk din\u00eb si t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me situatat sociale, jo sepse kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr medikamente kund\u00ebr ankthit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNN:<\/strong> Sa e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit me autiz\u00ebm?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rippon:<\/strong> \u00cbsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb studiuesit t\u00eb flasin me njer\u00ebzit autik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pyesin, “Si \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jesh ti?” Kjo perspektiv\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pa\u00e7muar. Ka nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet k\u00ebrkime gjithp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse ose pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse, ku njer\u00ebzit autik\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e ekipit k\u00ebrkimor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ata japin k\u00ebshilla p\u00ebr llojin e pyetjeve q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen, dhe gjithashtu ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb interpretimin e p\u00ebrgjigjeve q\u00eb mirren. Ka nj\u00eb video q\u00eb e rekomandoj t\u00eb quajtur \u201cHere Come the Girls\u201d, dhe aty grat\u00eb autike thon\u00eb, “Ne jemi autike, dhe k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jeni si ne”. Mendoj se gjithp\u00ebrfshirja \u00ebsht\u00eb e ardhmja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n