\u2026 a \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomia funksionar dhe mjet i patriarkatit \u2013 apo \u00ebsht\u00eb patriarkati funksionar dhe mjet i ekonomis\u00eb? \u2013 Marilyn Waring<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi ekonomik p\u00ebr\u00e7arja q\u00eb solli viti 2020 na tregoi dy gj\u00ebra thelb\u00ebsore: se jeta jon\u00eb varet nga puna e kujdesit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ajo e papaguar e q\u00eb ende kryhet kryesisht nga grat\u00eb, dhe se nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb se e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb Covid-19 solli n\u00eb pah, me nj\u00eb qart\u00ebsi verbuese, sfer\u00ebn tradicionale t\u00eb grave: ekonomin\u00eb familjare. Sepse ekonomia, si disiplin\u00eb intelektuale q\u00eb form\u00ebson m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti politikat dhe vendimet financiare n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, e ka prejardhjen nga fjala e lasht\u00eb greke q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u201cmenaxhim i familjes\u201d. Dhe n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb disiplin\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re menaxher\u00ebsh t\u00eb zot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb transformuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb ngurt\u00ebsuar t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit dhe p\u00ebr ta rimenduar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar t\u00eb ri ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ekonomia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj aktuale, ekonomia kryesore (mainstream) po d\u00ebshton t\u00eb adresoj\u00eb shum\u00eb nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet kritike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs son\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhun\u00ebn me baz\u00eb gjinore e racore, ndryshimet klimatike, pabarazin\u00eb, varf\u00ebrin\u00eb, urin\u00eb, zhdukjen e specieve, shkat\u00ebrrimin e ekosistemeve, grabitjen e tok\u00ebs dhe privatizimin e ujit. Si\u00e7 shkroi n\u00eb vitin 2020 Ross Gittins, redaktor i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Sydney Morning Herald: \u201cmendimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore ende po p\u00ebrballen me pyetjen e turpshme se p\u00ebrse k\u00ebshillat e profesionit t\u00eb tyre nd\u00ebr dekada duket se i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar jet\u00ebt tona n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si\u00e7 e ka d\u00ebshmuar viti i fundit, grat\u00eb shk\u00eblqejn\u00eb n\u00eb menaxhimin e familjes. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb vendimesh t\u00eb q\u00ebllimshme t\u00eb marra gjat\u00eb shekullit XIX, puna jetike e grave u etiketua si joproduktive dhe u hoq nga v\u00ebmendja. N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fshirjeje ishte Alfred Marshall, babai i ekonomis\u00eb neoklasike, i cili mb\u00ebshteste kufizime t\u00eb rrepta ndaj zgjedhjeve t\u00eb grave, nga frika se mos silleshin egoistisht. Puna riprodhuese e grave ishte p\u00ebrjashtuar tashm\u00eb nga sfera e ekonomis\u00eb nga Adam Smith dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, por Marshall e institucionalizoi k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim p\u00ebrmes ndarjes s\u00eb re nd\u00ebrmjet pun\u00ebs n\u00eb treg dhe jasht\u00eb tregut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mjaftonte q\u00eb regjistrimi i popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Angli dhe Wales m\u00eb 1881 t\u2019i vendoste qart\u00eb grat\u00eb \u2013 bashk\u00ebshortet dhe t\u00eb gjitha ato q\u00eb angazhoheshin me pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb \u201cKlasa e Papun\u00ebsuar\u201d; por m\u00eb pas, duke ndjekur k\u00ebshillat e Marshall-it, kjo kategori u fshi krejt\u00ebsisht nga regjistrimi zyrtar. Pse? Sepse n\u00ebse kjo veprimtari kryesore e grave do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb llogaritje, \u201cp\u00ebrqindja e grave t\u00eb angazhuara me pun\u00eb do t\u2019i ngjante asaj t\u00eb burrave\u201d. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij Parimet e Ekonomis\u00eb, botuar m\u00eb 1890, Marshall shkruante se pun\u00ebsimi i grave p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte \u201cnj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb madh, p\u00ebr aq sa ndihmon n\u00eb zhvillimin e aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb tyre; por nj\u00eb d\u00ebm, p\u00ebr aq sa i tundon ato t\u00eb neglizhojn\u00eb detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb investuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre n\u00eb kapitalin personal t\u00eb karakterit dhe aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A ting\u00ebllon kjo si di\u00e7ka e vjetruar? Pik\u00ebpamjet e Marshall-it vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb matematik\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb globale, raportet e regjistrimit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe llogarit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb shifrat gjoja objektive nga t\u00eb cilat varen vendimmarr\u00ebsit global\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kjo fshirje u institucionalizua n\u00eb Sistemin e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Llogarit\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare (UNSNA) m\u00eb 1953, nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb mori form\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1940 p\u00ebr t\u2019i mund\u00ebsuar SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe menaxhimin e ekonomive t\u00eb tyre gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Sot, qeverit\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin UNSNA-n\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar shifrat vjetore t\u00eb Prodhimit t\u00eb Brendsh\u00ebm Bruto (PBB), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb masa e paracaktuar e rritjes ekonomike. Sipas k\u00ebsaj llogarie, shpenzimet e m\u00ebposhtme t\u00eb gjitha rrisin PBB-n\u00eb dhe, rrjedhimisht, sipas p\u00ebrkufizimit, nxisin rritjen ekonomike: kostot e luft\u00ebs (aktualisht t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuara n\u00eb rreth 14 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit globalisht), trafikimi i paligjsh\u00ebm i njer\u00ebzve dhe drog\u00ebs dhe pastrimi i ndotjeve si derdhjet e naft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por puna e papaguar e grave n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe gjith\u00eb puna e papaguar e kujdesit nuk p\u00ebrfshihen fare n\u00eb llogaritje, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb PBB apo n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet rritje ekonomike. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1995, Raporti i Zhvillimit Njer\u00ebzor i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara vler\u00ebsoi se puna e papaguar e grave kapte vler\u00ebn e 11 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb n\u00eb vit. Sipas raportit, n\u00ebse puna e grave do t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej si\u00e7 duhet, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb ato do t\u00eb dilnin, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e shoq\u00ebrive, si t\u00eb barabarta, n\u00eb mos si fitueset kryesore t\u00eb buk\u00ebs, duke qen\u00eb se punojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb or\u00eb se burrat. N\u00ebse statistikat komb\u00ebtare do ta regjistronin plot\u00ebsisht k\u00ebt\u00eb kontribut \u201ct\u00eb paduksh\u00ebm\u201d ekonomik t\u00eb grave, thuhej n\u00eb raport, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e pamundur q\u00eb politikan\u00ebt t\u2019i shp\u00ebrfillnin ato n\u00eb vendimmarrjen politike dhe financiare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sikur vet\u00ebm t\u00eb na num\u00ebronin pun\u00ebn, at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb na injoronin! Ne jemi gjysma e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb bot\u00ebs: numrat jan\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Po sikur, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb prekur nga Covid-i, t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonim q\u00eb \u00e7do qeveri t\u00eb ridrejtonte ato 14 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do vit shpenzohen p\u00ebr luft\u00eb dhe vdekje, drejt pun\u00ebs son\u00eb q\u00eb sjell jet\u00eb dhe kujdes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gra t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb historis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse fshirja ekonomike e grave \u00ebsht\u00eb e prekshme, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur ngusht\u00eb me mishin dhe gjakun tim. N\u00eb vitin 2018, pas dhjet\u00eb vitesh duke shkruar p\u00ebr kapitalizmin, fillova t\u00eb mendoj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe ekonomin\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet n\u00eb familjen time: gjyshja ime, si adoleshente q\u00eb kishte ikur nga sht\u00ebpia, punoi si n\u00ebpun\u00ebse n\u00eb Bank\u00ebn e Anglis\u00eb gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore; dy nga vajzat e saj u diplomuan p\u00ebr ekonomi gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb. Un\u00eb studiova ekonomi n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201980 dhe tani vajza ime po studion ekonomi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur gjyshja ime vdiq, m\u00eb la trash\u00ebgim albumin e saj me kujtime. Ajo q\u00eb lexova aty p\u00ebrmes artikujve t\u00eb gazetave ishte rr\u00ebfimi i kat\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer: tre vajza dhe nj\u00eb djal\u00eb, babai im. Por pas fragmenteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara fshihet nj\u00eb histori m\u00eb e err\u00ebt \u2013 nj\u00eb histori p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe ekonomin\u00eb. Karriera e gjat\u00eb dhe e ndritur e babait tim dallohet qart\u00eb: fillimisht n\u00eb gazetarin\u00eb ekonomike, pastaj n\u00eb financ\u00eb dhe bank\u00eb. Por pas saj q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb karrierat e nd\u00ebrprera t\u00eb hallave t\u00eb mia, gra brilante q\u00eb jetuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb historis\u00eb. Premtimi i hersh\u00ebm i m\u00eb t\u00eb vogl\u00ebs prej tyre, Nancy, \u00ebsht\u00eb dokumentuar me entuziaz\u00ebm n\u00eb faqet e gazetave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur Nancy shfaqet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 12-vje\u00e7are, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb veterane e radios: \u201cGjat\u00eb dy viteve q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb Sidney, pasi erdhi nga Anglia, Nancy Gleeson-White … ka pasur 150 paraqitje n\u00eb radio.\u201d Pak koh\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruhej kjo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n E trajnuar p\u00ebr sken\u00ebn, aktorja nga Sidney, Nancy Gleeson-White ka fituar vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb larta n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Sidney, duke qen\u00eb gruaja e vetme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e fakultetit t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb diplomuar me rezultate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera. Tani si praktikante n\u00eb Departamentin e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme … shpreson q\u00eb karriera ta \u00e7oj\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 20-vje\u00e7are ishte nj\u00ebra nga tri grat\u00eb nga e gjith\u00eb Australia q\u00eb fituan vend n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb program praktikant\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 1953, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 24-vje\u00e7are, ajo u b\u00eb gruaja e par\u00eb australiane e em\u00ebruar diplomate n\u00eb Britanin\u00eb e Madhe. Nga sa kam kuptuar un\u00eb, ky ishte momenti kur gjith\u00e7ka ndryshoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb. N\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, ajo u dashurua me nj\u00eb diplomat t\u00eb lart\u00eb britanik dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb martohej, iu desh t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb nga karriera e saj. Kjo ishte rregulla e asaj kohe. Q\u00eb nga ai moment, n\u00eb albumin e gjyshes sime, Nancy shfaqet si Zonja Tomlinson, gruaja simpatike dhe prit\u00ebsja elegante e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb londineze, bashk\u00ebshortja e nj\u00eb ambasadori britanik t\u00eb shquar. Gradualisht, ajo zhduket nga skena: fillimisht e mbuluar nga artikuj p\u00ebr burrin e saj, e m\u00eb pas, duke u zhdukur plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 1974, pasi p\u00ebrjetoi nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb, Nancy iu n\u00ebnshtrua nj\u00eb prej lobotomive t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb Angli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pes\u00eb dekada m\u00eb pas, fshirjet e grave q\u00eb halla ime i mish\u00ebroi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb tmerrshme dhe t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb infektojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb devijojn\u00eb mekanizmat q\u00eb qeverisin ekonomin\u00eb globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 1993, Sistemi i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Llogarit\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare (UNSNA) prezantoi \u201cllogarit\u00eb satelitore\u201d, t\u00eb cilat japin udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebrmes inputeve (sa do t\u00eb kushtonte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb paguhej), qoft\u00eb p\u00ebrmes produkteve (vlera e mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb prodhuara). Por kjo pun\u00eb ende klasifikohet si jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga UNSNA \u2013 \u00e7ka do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet nga ekonomia dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb edhe nga statistikat zyrtare q\u00eb e udh\u00ebheqin at\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2006, hera e fundit q\u00eb Byroja Australiane e Statistikave (ABS) e mati k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb, u gjet se puna e papaguar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi do ta kishte rritur PBB-n\u00eb me 39.2%. Megjith\u00ebse ABS deklaroi se vler\u00ebsimi i k\u00ebsaj pune ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje me vler\u00eb sepse ofronte nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb veprimtarive ekonomike t\u00eb vendit, ajo vazhdon t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb pasqyra t\u00eb paplota: shifra vjetore t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb q\u00eb i japin pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe kujdesit shoq\u00ebror vler\u00ebn prej zero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ky p\u00ebrjashtim, s\u00eb bashku me fshirjen e ekosistemeve t\u00eb planetit, po na vret n\u00eb kuptimin m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Ekonomia \u00ebsht\u00eb historikisht e verb\u00ebr ndaj grave, familjes dhe bot\u00ebs natyrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ende t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuara dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnpaguara<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tema e grave dhe ekonomis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjer\u00eb dhe e lasht\u00eb \u2013 por si fush\u00eb k\u00ebrkimore akademike \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e re, q\u00eb nga botimi i librit historik n\u00eb vitin 1988 Counting for Nothing: What Men Value and What Women Are Worth<\/em>, nga Marilyn Waring, politikane e Zeland\u00ebs s\u00eb Re dhe themeluese e ekonomis\u00eb feministe. Waring ka th\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin e saj mbi Sistemin e Llogarive Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara (UNSNA): \u201cSi feministe n\u00eb vitet \u201970, po e zbulonim disiplin\u00eb pas disipline m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si p\u00ebrvoja e burrave paraqitej si p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb universale. Dyshoja se e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb do t\u00eb vlente edhe p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb. Dhe po, ashtu ishte.\u201d Kur m\u00eb n\u00eb fund lexoi v\u00ebllimet e shumta t\u00eb UNSNA-s\u00eb, ajo q\u00eb gjeti e b\u00ebri t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthente n\u00eb lot: nj\u00eb pasazh q\u00eb \u201ce p\u00ebrjashtonte krejt\u00ebsisht pun\u00ebn e papaguar q\u00eb tradicionalisht b\u00ebhet nga grat\u00eb, duke e cil\u00ebsuar si \u2018pa r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ose me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl\u2019\u201d. Ky vler\u00ebsim u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb justifikuar p\u00ebrjashtimin nga llogaritjet ekonomike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse kjo jep nj\u00eb ide p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmasat sistemike t\u00eb problemit, po sjell edhe tre fakte t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb akoma m\u00eb t\u00eb preksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb pari, n\u00eb Australi n\u00eb vitin 2020, grat\u00eb paguheshin mesatarisht 242.90 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb m\u00eb pak se burrat \u2013 grat\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsohen dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnpaguhen, nd\u00ebrsa puna e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht m\u00eb e pasigurt se ajo e burrave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb dyti, nj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do 130 gra dhe vajza n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u2013 29 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz \u2013 jeton n\u00eb skllav\u00ebri moderne, nj\u00eb term q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin pun\u00ebn e detyruar, martesat e detyruara, borxhet q\u00eb lidhen me pun\u00ebn, sh\u00ebrbimin sht\u00ebpiak t\u00eb imponuar dhe trafikimin e qenieve njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dhe s\u00eb fundi, burrat zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb mbi 80% t\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb punueshme. Kjo statistik\u00eb trondit\u00ebse u p\u00ebrllogarit nga ekonomistja e Oxford, Linda Scott, autore e librit The Double X Economy: The Epic Potential of Empowering Women<\/em>. Duke uzurpuar burimin kryesor t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb materiale t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, burrat kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb pushtetin mbi kapitalin bot\u00ebror p\u00ebr qindra, madje mij\u00ebra vjet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duke qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur q\u00eb ekonomia vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb disiplina m\u00eb e dominuar nga burrat n\u00eb universitetet e mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebs \u2013 edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se shkencat natyrore, teknologjia, inxhinieria dhe matematika. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar k\u00ebt\u00eb realitet. T\u00eb drejtat riprodhuese, liria p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar nga marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet abuzive dhe lirit\u00eb e tjera nuk kan\u00eb kuptim pa fuqizim ekonomik. Kjo nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb vet\u00ebm me p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kushteve individuale; k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00ebr\u00ebsor sistemik \u2013 nj\u00eb vizion si ai i aktivistes feministe dhe shkrimtares Rickey Gard Diamond dhe kolegeve t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2020 themeluan nism\u00ebn An Economy of Our Own (AEOO)<\/em> p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar, edukuar dhe fuqizuar ekonomikisht grat\u00eb dhe grupet e margjinalizuara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Disiplina e ekonomis\u00eb moderne zakonisht daton me librin ikonik t\u00eb Adam Smith-it Hetim mbi Natyr\u00ebn dhe Shkaqet e Pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb Kombeve<\/em>, botuar m\u00eb 1776. Pik\u00ebpamja optimiste e Smith-it p\u00ebr sistemin n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb fabrikave dhe p\u00ebr mekanizmin q\u00eb sipas tij i rregullon ato \u2013 tregun \u2013 vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkoj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb. Hyjnizimi q\u00eb ai i b\u00ebri tregut si arbit\u00ebr suprem dhe menaxher, si dhe institucionalizimi pasues i analiz\u00ebs kosto-p\u00ebrfitim si busulla e saj e pagabueshme, kan\u00eb elemente t\u00eb mendimit magjik \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb bindjen e Smith-it se n\u00ebse \u00e7do njeri vepron n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb egoiste, do t\u00eb arrihet nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr natyral i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb pasuris\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Megjithat\u00eb, kjo verb\u00ebri e Smith-it krijoi themelin p\u00ebr UNSNA-n\u00eb, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas u p\u00ebrhap n\u00ebp\u00ebr Evrop\u00eb si pjes\u00eb e programit t\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, p\u00ebrmes Planit Marshall. Ky sistem iu imponua edhe vendeve \u201cn\u00eb zhvillim\u201d nga gjigant\u00ebt financiar\u00eb t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs si OKB-ja dhe Banka Bot\u00ebrore, investimet e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve k\u00ebrkonin matshm\u00ebri dhe llogaridh\u00ebnie \u2013 e matja dhe llogaridh\u00ebnia ekonomike sot jan\u00eb sinonime me UNSNA-n\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrllogaritjet e PBB-s\u00eb. Q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb, k\u00ebto shifra jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si mjete politike p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndihmuar qeverit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb maksimalizojn\u00eb rritjen ekonomike, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequra nga ajo q\u00eb njihet si \u201ckurba Kuznets\u201d. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb teoria e ekonomistit Simon Kuznets, sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u201cpabarazia n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura do t\u00eb ulet automatikisht n\u00eb fazat e avancuara t\u00eb zhvillimit kapitalist, pa marr\u00eb parasysh politikat ekonomike apo dallimet nd\u00ebrmjet vendeve, derisa t\u00eb stabilizohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm.\u201d Apo, si\u00e7 e tha ekonomisti Robert Solow: \u201cRritja ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb val\u00eb q\u00eb i ngre t\u00eb gjitha varkat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kuznets, m\u00eb von\u00eb, e p\u00ebrshkroi vet\u00eb teorin\u00eb q\u00eb i solli \u00c7mimin Nobel si \u201c5% informacion empirik dhe 95% spekulim \u2013ndoshta t\u00eb ndikuar nga d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar.\u201d Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, \u201cModeli i Rritjes\u201d i Solow-it p\u00ebrfshinte k\u00ebt\u00eb sh\u00ebnim n\u00eb fund: \u201cMund ta imagjinojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb teori si t\u00eb vlefshme p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa toka bujq\u00ebsore mund t\u00eb zgjerohet n\u00eb zona t\u00eb virgj\u00ebra pa rritje t\u00eb kostos.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 1988, Marilyn Waring i quajti me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb k\u00ebto si \u201cmodele propagandistike\u201d. Rickey Gard Diamond dhe ekipi i saj n\u00eb An Economy of Our Own (AEOO)<\/em> po i kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb k\u00ebto sofizma ekonomike p\u00ebrmes edukimit dhe fuqizimit t\u00eb grave dhe minoriteteve, q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen aktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshimit n\u00eb debatin publik mbi ekonomin\u00eb. Gard Diamond thot\u00eb: \u201cP\u00ebr ne, ekonomia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht \u00e7\u00ebshtje shifrash dhe bilancesh, por nj\u00eb sistem i nd\u00ebrlidhur vlerash gjinore q\u00eb lavd\u00ebron \u2018trimin financiar\u2019 dhe p\u00ebr\u00e7mon gjith\u00e7ka \u2018fem\u00ebrore\u2019 \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Tok\u00ebn.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb momenti p\u00ebr t\u00eb rip\u00ebrkufizuar vet\u00eb idet\u00eb tona mbi pun\u00ebn dhe vler\u00ebn e saj. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha q\u00eb puna e papaguar dhe ajo e n\u00ebnpaguar e kujdesit t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb familjes son\u00eb globale. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb investojm\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshime strukturore p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb ekonomi q\u00eb vler\u00ebson v\u00ebrtet pun\u00ebn e domosdoshme p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn ton\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr sistemet ekologjike q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb jet\u00ebn n\u00eb Tok\u00eb t\u00eb mundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duke folur gjuh\u00ebn e gabuar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cbsht\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruese t\u00eb kuptosh se ajo q\u00eb ti e di se \u00ebsht\u00eb pasuria e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e planetit \u2013 jo vet\u00ebm gjith\u00eb puna e papaguar e kujdesit, por edhe vet\u00eb biosfera e gjall\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebrkufizohet si jo-produktive dhe vler\u00ebsohet me zero. Kam shkruar gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb duket \u00e7menduri: p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebto vlera n\u00eb sistemet ekzistuese t\u00eb kontabilitetit global si masa t\u00eb monetizuara (\u00e7menduri, sepse kjo llogaritje ekonomike kurr\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shpreh\u00eb vler\u00ebn e pafund t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb gjalla t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs) \u2013 dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr fshirjen dhe degradimin e tmerrsh\u00ebm q\u00eb ndodh n\u00ebse nuk e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 2014, i trajtova k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb librin Six Capitals<\/em>, p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb paradigme t\u00eb re kontabiliteti q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb adresoj\u00eb krizat sociale dhe mjedisore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs son\u00eb duke u k\u00ebrkuar bizneseve t\u00eb japin llogari p\u00ebr kat\u00ebr \u201cdepo\u201d t\u00eb reja vlere, ose \u201ckapitale\u201d, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kapitalit financiar dhe atij t\u00eb prodhuar: kapitalin intelektual, njer\u00ebzor, shoq\u00ebror dhe natyror.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, jam gjendur n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme: duke besuar fort se problemet q\u00eb trajton libri im \u2013 pasuria e munguar e \u201cnjer\u00ebzve dhe planetit\u201d dhe d\u00ebshtimi i sistemeve tona korporative dhe komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb llogaritjes p\u00ebr ta vler\u00ebsuar at\u00eb \u2013 jan\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht besoj po aq fort se m\u00ebnyra e propozuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i adresuar, p\u00ebrmes konceptualizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pasurie t\u00eb panum\u00ebruar si \u201ckapitale\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga e gabuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj vler\u00eb. E them qart\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb lib\u00ebr. Por, p\u00ebr shkak se e quajta Six Capitals<\/em>, vet\u00eb titulli u b\u00eb nj\u00eb shprehje e shkurt\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb fshiu rezervat e mia, kompleksitetet dhe alternativat q\u00eb diskutoj, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb ides\u00eb nj\u00eb rezonanc\u00eb ikonike q\u00eb u p\u00ebrhap qart\u00eb n\u00eb korridoret e fuqis\u00eb globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse si\u00e7 thot\u00eb ekonomistja Kate Raworth, ekonomia \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cgjuha amtare\u201d e politik\u00ebs publike \u2013 sepse \u00e7do politik\u00eb formulohet me fjal\u00ebt e saj \u2013 at\u00ebher\u00eb fjal\u00ebt q\u00eb ajo p\u00ebrdor kan\u00eb pasoja materiale. Shkalla e shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb shkaktuar nga gjuha e kapitalit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i saj i pavet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar nj\u00eb pyll t\u00eb gjall\u00eb unik, burimin e vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb \u00ebmb\u00ebl t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekosistemi, njer\u00ebzit e rraskapitur q\u00eb punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb korporat\u00eb shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshe apo grat\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb n\u00eb Bangladesh q\u00eb punojn\u00eb or\u00eb t\u00eb gjata p\u00ebr pagesa mjerane \u2013 m\u00eb cop\u00ebzoi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 2016, isha n\u00eb Manhattan p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn inauguruese mbi q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb t\u00eb organizuar nga New York Hedge Fund Roundtable<\/em> \u2013 nj\u00eb ngjarje q\u00eb vet\u00eb ishte frym\u00ebzuar nga Six Capitals. <\/em>E pranova ftes\u00ebn sepse besoja se t\u00eb flas\u00ebsh nga zemra, apo t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqesh, n\u00eb k\u00ebto qendra t\u00eb pushtetit mund t\u00eb \u00e7elte nj\u00eb mendje, nj\u00eb zem\u00ebr. Por at\u00eb dit\u00eb, ishte mendja ime ajo q\u00eb u \u00e7el \u2013 ose u thye \u2013 n\u00eb nj\u00eb sesion paraditeje ku tre menaxher\u00eb t\u00eb njohur investimesh lavd\u00ebronin burimin m\u00eb t\u00eb ri dhe t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb vler\u00ebs: nj\u00eb kapital natyror.<\/p>\n\n\n\n E quanin \u201cari blu\u201d \u2013 dhe m\u2019u desh\u00ebn disa \u00e7aste p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se po flisnin p\u00ebr ujin. Jo p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kapital, jo p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb lloj ari. Por p\u00ebr nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb pa \u00e7mim e q\u00eb mban jet\u00ebn gjall\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb asaj dite t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, m\u00eb pushtoi ndjesia e pashprehshme se po flisja n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e gabuar \u2013 nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizonte vetvetiu n\u00eb an\u00ebn e gabuar, n\u00eb an\u00ebn e financier\u00ebve q\u00eb e shihnin ujin si mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e radh\u00ebs p\u00ebr fitim, e jo si nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb themelore t\u00eb njeriut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kushtet e tyre jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr ne<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebr gjith\u00eb ato vite, kisha folur me z\u00ebrin e babait tim, jo n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn time amtare. Duke p\u00ebrdorur z\u00ebrin e tij, ndieja se n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre po e tradhtoja dhe heshtja vetveten \u2013 nj\u00eb prej t\u00eb fshirave dhe t\u00eb panum\u00ebruarve n\u00eb sistemin ekonomik. Por un\u00eb kisha studiuar ekonomi dhe kisha besuar se mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorja gjuh\u00ebn dhe logjik\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr t\u2019i treguar vet\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb saj boshll\u00ebqet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah mungesat n\u00eb strukturat q\u00eb kishim nd\u00ebrtuar nd\u00ebr shekuj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Por problemi ishte pik\u00ebrisht aty, te \u201cne\u201d-ja. S\u2019kishte asnj\u00eb \u201cne\u201d. Ky ishte nj\u00eb sistem ekonomik i nd\u00ebrtuar pjes\u00eb pas pjese, ligj pas ligji, koncept pas koncepti, teori ekonomike pas teorie \u2013 nga burrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb New York ndjeva deri n\u00eb thelb t\u00eb qenies sime fuqin\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb v\u00ebrtete: kisha ngecur n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e patriarkatit t\u00eb aplikuar. Librat e mi m\u00eb kishin futur n\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00ebn e kapitalizmit global, ku kisha takuar njer\u00ebz nga bota e biznesit, politik\u00ebs dhe organizatave joqeveritare \u2013 shumica burra \u2013 q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonin nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb krizash sociale dhe mjedisore gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme. Pas pes\u00eb vitesh duke d\u00ebgjuar retorik\u00ebn e tyre dhe ndjekur nismat e tyre, e kuptova se edhe pse shum\u00eb prej tyre me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb donin t\u00eb kujdeseshin p\u00ebr \u201cnjer\u00ebzit dhe planetin\u201d, mend\u00ebsia, gjuha, puna dhe institucionet e tyre mbeteshin t\u00eb ngujuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem, parazgjedhja e t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjoj\u00eb paran\u00eb, fitimin dhe rritjen ekonomike \u2013 n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb gjith\u00e7kaje tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb janar 2020, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrgatitesha t\u00eb flisja p\u00ebr librin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe SHBA, pata nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr krisje. Asnj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk kisha pasur frik\u00eb t\u00eb flisja n\u00eb publik, por tani isha e tmerruar. Konferencat u shtyn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb Covid-it, por kur e rikujtoj tani, mendoj se ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb trembte ishte frika se mos po e tradhtoja veten duke folur s\u00ebrish n\u00eb at\u00eb gjuh\u00eb patriarkale t\u00eb kapitalit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aty ishte pika ime pa kthim. Nuk do t\u00eb flas m\u00eb p\u00ebr ato \u201cgjasht\u00eb kapitale\u201d dhe as p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar \u201cshoq\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe natyr\u00ebn\u201d, \u201cnjer\u00ebzit dhe planetin\u201d sipas kushteve t\u00eb tyre. I hedh posht\u00eb kushtet e tyre. Kushtet e tyre jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr ne, shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngushta p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb jemi si qenie njer\u00ebzore dhe p\u00ebr sistemet e gjalla t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Q\u00ebndroj ende pas librit tim: ai b\u00ebn nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb sintetizim, sqarimin e rr\u00ebfimin dhe vazhdon t\u00eb frym\u00ebzoj\u00eb ata\/o q\u00eb punojn\u00eb brenda sistemit por, megjith\u00ebse modeli i kontabilitetit me \u201cgjasht\u00eb kapitale\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i vlefsh\u00ebm diagnostikues, ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Disa muaj pas asaj krisjeje, pranova t\u00eb shkruaja k\u00ebt\u00eb ese. Pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb pas, u t\u00ebrhoqa. Kur redaktori m\u00eb pyeti pse, u trondita nga shp\u00ebrthimi i zem\u00ebrimit dhe pik\u00ebllimit q\u00eb m\u00eb pushtoi \u2013 pik\u00ebllim p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time brenda stomakut t\u00eb kapitalizmit dhe zem\u00ebrim p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e madhe \u201ct\u00eb padukshme\u201d t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga kaq shum\u00eb gra nd\u00ebr kaq shum\u00eb vite. Dhe e gjeta veten ende t\u00eb ndjekur nga hija e hall\u00ebs sime t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, Nancy Gleeson-White, premtimi i hersh\u00ebm i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb cop\u00ebzat e gazetave q\u00eb mbushin albumin e gjyshes sime. Dhe mendja e saj e bukur ishte fshir\u00eb kur ishte vet\u00ebm 45 vje\u00e7e. Nancy mish\u00ebron iden\u00eb e fshirjes \u2013 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme \u2013 n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje q\u00eb u form\u00ebsua nga gjuha dhe pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb e ekonomis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore e shenjt\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb Sidney gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs s\u00eb marshimit March 4 Justice<\/em> kund\u00ebr dhun\u00ebs me baz\u00eb gjinore, hodha syt\u00eb drejt turm\u00ebs s\u00eb dendur \u2013 njer\u00ebz t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha moshave dhe gjinive, nga gjyshet e deri te foshnjat. Ishte nj\u00eb nga 40 marshimet e organizuara n\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin, q\u00eb mblodh\u00ebn rreth 110,000 njer\u00ebz, t\u00eb mobilizuar nga nj\u00eb postim n\u00eb Twitter i Janine Hendry, e cila b\u00ebri thirrje p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb rreth grash p\u00ebrreth Parlamentit Komb\u00ebtar. Ajo turm\u00eb e madhe m\u00eb kujtoi, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, zbulimin q\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb Steve Bannon \u2013 strateg politik i ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA dhe ish-bankier investimesh \u2013 i cili e kishte kuptuar se k\u00ebto marshime globale t\u00eb grave p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb t\u00eb re politike t\u00eb fuqishme: \u201cNuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm #MeToo. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm kund\u00ebr ngacmimit seksual. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje kund\u00ebr patriarkatit. Ka ardhur fundi i 10,000 viteve t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00ebgjova z\u00ebrat e grave q\u00eb fol\u00ebn \u2013 lidere, t\u00eb fuqishme, t\u00eb patrembura dhe t\u00eb vendosura, disa prej tyre t\u00eb mbijetuara, historit\u00eb e t\u00eb cilave d\u00ebshmonin m\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm se \u00e7do statistik\u00eb p\u00ebr fshirjen sistemike t\u00eb grave \u2013 ne, q\u00eb jemi 51% e australian\u00ebve \u2013 dhe q\u00eb kemi mbetur t\u00eb padukshme dhe t\u00eb heshtura. Plaka aborigjene Aunty Shirley b\u00ebri nj\u00eb mir\u00ebseardhje dhe p\u00ebrshkroi \u201ctrajtimin sistemik t\u00eb grave aborigjene si \u2018m\u00eb pak se qenie njer\u00ebzore\u2019 q\u00eb nga koha e kolonizimit\u201d, duke shtuar se \u201cfaktet historike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdhunimit t\u00eb grave … datojn\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 1788\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dhe pik\u00ebrisht nga kjo protest\u00eb, pash\u00eb si mund t\u00eb duket nj\u00eb ekonomi e reformuar rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vizion, student\u00ebt\/et e ekonomis\u00eb ulen zbathur jasht\u00eb, n\u00eb tok\u00eb, n\u00eb kontakt me dheun, aroma dhe ndjesia e t\u00eb cilit ua kujton se \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kjo tok\u00eb q\u00eb ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi. Ata\/o d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb urt\u00ebsin\u00eb e t\u00eb moshuarve, duke filluar me grat\u00eb e Kombeve t\u00eb Para, t\u00eb cilat i mir\u00ebpresin n\u00eb vendin e tyre, tregojn\u00eb historit\u00eb dhe ndajn\u00eb men\u00e7urin\u00eb e tyre. Ata\/o m\u00ebsojn\u00eb se ekonomia \u00ebsht\u00eb arti i menaxhimit dhe kujdesit p\u00ebr Tok\u00ebn, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt planetare \u2013 dhe k\u00ebsisoj, p\u00ebr ne vet\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb; dhe se ekonomia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore e shenjt\u00eb, e nd\u00ebrtuar mbi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie kujdesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ashtu si\u00e7 m\u00eb ka m\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrvoja ime personale brenda gjuh\u00ebs dhe substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, se grat\u00eb dhe Toka v\u00ebrtet kan\u00eb vler\u00eb, ajo m\u00eb ka m\u00ebsuar gjithashtu se jan\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e kujdesit, e jo sasia e kapitalit, ato q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb maksimizojm\u00eb. Urgjentisht. Tani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n