Puna e papaguar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i pabarazis\u00eb gjinore n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, ku grat\u00eb mesatarisht kalojn\u00eb dy or\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb duke u angazhuar n\u00eb t\u00eb, krahasuar me burrat. Hendeku gjinor ndryshon sipas rajoneve, dhe form\u00ebsohet kryesisht nga stereotipet dhe normat gjinore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pabarazia gjinore n\u00eb ekonomi \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn. Ajo shfaqet n\u00eb shum\u00eb fusha, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin, pjes\u00ebmarrjen n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, dhe pagat. Nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb e thellon k\u00ebt\u00eb hendek \u00ebsht\u00eb puna e papaguar. N\u00eb vendet e OECD-s\u00eb (Organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim dhe Zhvillim Ekonomik), grat\u00eb kryejn\u00eb pothuajse dyfishin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar krahasuar me burrat \u00e7do dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb 23 vende evropiane, grat\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb mesatarisht 86% m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar sesa burrat – pothuajse dyfishin. M\u00eb konkretisht, grat\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb 262 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb duke kryer pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar, nd\u00ebrsa burrat 141 minuta. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb hendek prej 121 minutash, apo dy or\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hendeku i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar midis grave dhe burrave ndryshon ndjesh\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb vend evropian n\u00eb tjetrin. Cilat vende kan\u00eb hendekun m\u00eb t\u00eb madh e cilat m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl? \u00c7ka q\u00ebndron prapa pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar? Dhe pse ky hendek \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i madh n\u00eb disa vende?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hendeku \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ult\u00eb n\u00eb Suedi nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Turqi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb mesin e 23 vendeve evropiane, hendeku i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar mes grave dhe burrave varion nga 29% n\u00eb Suedi deri n\u00eb 349% n\u00eb Turqi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb Suedi, grat\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb 220 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb duke kryer pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar, krahasuar me 171 minuta t\u00eb burrave – nj\u00eb dallim prej 49 minutash. Grat\u00eb n\u00eb Suedi gjithashtu regjistrojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar nd\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vendet n\u00eb list\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vendet nordike kryesojn\u00eb n\u00eb uljen e hendekut midis grave dhe burrave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tre vendet e tjera nordike pasojn\u00eb Suedin\u00eb me hendekun m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar: Danimarka (31%), Norvegjia (35%) dhe Finlanda (50%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pas Turqis\u00eb, ku grat\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb 3.5 her\u00eb (349%) m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar se burrat, hendeqet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta shfaqen n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Jugore: Portugali (242%), Greqi (173%) dhe Itali (134%). Edhe Spanja renditet lart, n\u00eb vendin e shtat\u00eb, me nj\u00eb hendek prej 98%, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se grat\u00eb kryejn\u00eb pothuajse dyfishin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar t\u00eb kujdesit krahasuar me burrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Raporti i OECD-s\u00eb \u201cBarazia gjinore n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb po ndryshon\u201d thekson se \u201cpuna e papaguar \u00ebsht\u00eb penges\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsimin e grave n\u00eb pun\u00eb me pages\u00eb p\u00ebr disa gra, duke i mbajtur k\u00ebshtu ato jasht\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb Turqia ka shkall\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 2024, me vet\u00ebm 37%, krahasuar me mesataren e BE-s\u00eb prej 53%, sipas OECD-s\u00eb. Italia pason me 42%, nd\u00ebrsa Greqia renditet e kat\u00ebrta me 45%. K\u00ebto vende raportojn\u00eb gjithashtu hendek\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb gjinor\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e kujdesit dhe normat shoq\u00ebrore<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dorothea Schimdt-Klau, drejtuese e deg\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit, tregut s\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe deg\u00ebs rinore n\u00eb ILO n\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb, shpjegoi p\u00ebr Euronews Business arsyet pse Turqia dhe renditen m\u00eb lart n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrqindjen e personave q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb punojn\u00eb, por nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cP\u00ebrgj\u00ebgjesit\u00eb e kujdesit dhe normat sociale jan\u00eb dy fakor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb luajn\u00eb rol, specifikisht n\u00eb Turqi,\u201d tha ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMungesa e qasjes n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb p\u00ebrballueshme t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit, s\u00eb bashku me q\u00ebndrimet sociale rreth roleve t\u00eb grave, e zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e grave p\u00ebr t\u2019u angazhuar n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim aktiv t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.\u201d Si rezultat, tha ajo, norma e pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebtat n\u00eb vendet e OECD-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nga pes\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, Italia dhe Spanja kan\u00eb paraqitjen m\u00eb dob\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa Gjermania ka hendekun m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl me 61%, e pasuar nga Franca me 66% dhe Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar me 78%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb 3 vende grat\u00eb kryejn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5 or\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb Portugali (328 minuta), Itali (306 minuta) dhe Turqi (305 minuta), grat\u00eb kryejn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb or\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Edhe n\u00eb Suedi, q\u00eb ka koh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar, kjo shif\u00ebr tejkalon 3.5 or\u00eb. Franca renditet e dyta, ku grat\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb 224 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb duke kryer pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Burrat n\u00eb Turqi b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb paku pun\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesit: vet\u00ebm 68 minuta.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur q\u00eb burrat shpenzojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb paku koh\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar n\u00eb tre vendet me hendekun m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ku burrat i kushtojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm 68 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar, e ndjekur nga Greqia me 95 minuta dhe Portugalia me 96 minuta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Shumica e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga pun\u00ebt e p\u00ebrditshme e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb \u00e7do vend, si p\u00ebr grat\u00eb ashtu edhe p\u00ebr burrat, pun\u00ebt e p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar. N\u00eb disa vende, ato z\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 70% t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme q\u00eb konsiderohet pun\u00eb e papaguar. Kujdesi p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e familjes dhe blerjet vijn\u00eb pas tyre, dhe s\u00eb bashku k\u00ebto tre kategori p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb rreth 90% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar, sipas OECD-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb Portugali, p\u00ebr shembull, grat\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb 253 nga 328 minutat e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, apo rreth 77%. N\u00eb Franc\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrqindje bie n\u00eb 70%, dhe n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb n\u00eb 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Si t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet hendeku gjinor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n OECD-ja thekson rolin e normave dhe stereotipeve n\u00eb krijimin e pabarazive, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se k\u00ebto m\u00ebsohen q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re. Raporti u b\u00ebn thirrje vendeve dhe Komisionit Evropian t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin masa m\u00eb t\u00eb forta p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar hendekun gjinor n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e papaguara. Disa nga rekomandimet kryesore jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Nxitja e ndarjes s\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive t\u00eb kujdesit dhe pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb mes grave dhe burrave, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sfidimin e stereotipeve dhe normave gjinore (p\u00ebrmes fushatave nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsuese, materialeve edukative, etj.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ofrimi i t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr pushim t\u00eb paguar si p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr baballar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Zgjerimi i qasjes s\u00eb barabart\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn hibride dhe at\u00eb n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, duke investuar n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb digjitale dhe trajnime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Investimi n\u00eb arsim dhe kujdes cil\u00ebsor, t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb qassh\u00ebm p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e hershme, si dhe n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb kujdesit jasht\u00eb orarit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i pagave, cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe formalizimit n\u00eb profesionet e kujdesit t\u00eb dominuara nga grat\u00eb, duke inkurajuar gjithashtu burrat t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb profesionet e lidhura me kujdesin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n