Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz e kan\u00eb ndjer\u00eb presionin p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb \u201cmjaftuesh\u00ebm burr\u00eb\u201d apo \u201cmjaftuesh\u00ebm grua\u201d n\u00eb syt\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. Dhe hulumtimet kan\u00eb treguar se ky presion mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja personale dhe shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kur burrat ndiejn\u00eb se maskuliniteti i tyre vihet n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje, ata mund t\u00eb reagojn\u00eb me agresion dhe sjellje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme. Kur grat\u00eb dalin jasht\u00eb feminitetit stereotip apo edhe vet\u00ebm mendojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, shpesh p\u00ebrballen me reagime negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si hulumtues q\u00eb analizojm\u00eb se si stereotipet dhe normat gjinore ndikojn\u00eb tek njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra shpesh t\u00eb papritura, ne u pyet\u00ebm p\u00ebr proceset p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave f\u00ebmij\u00ebt ndihen n\u00ebn presion p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur me normat gjinore stereotipike. Kur fillon kjo dhe si mund t\u00eb shfaqet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb publikuar s\u00eb fundmi, t\u00eb cilin e realizuam me kolegun ton\u00eb Andrei Cimpian, zbuluam se kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e perceptojn\u00eb se ndjenja e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar \u201cnormal\u201d apo \u201ci duhur\u201d i grupit t\u00eb tyre gjinor \u00ebsht\u00eb e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar, ata ndihen t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten me rolet gjinore stereotipike n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, me pasoja afatgjata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cPyetjet p\u00ebr vajza dhe pyetjet p\u00ebr djem\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Duke u bazuar n\u00eb hulumtimet mbi t\u00eb rriturit, vendos\u00ebm se m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar motivimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur me normat gjinore ishte t\u00eb sfidonim statusin e tyre si nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar \u201ctipik\u201d i grupit t\u00eb tyre gjinor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, u k\u00ebrkuam 147 f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 5 deri n\u00eb 10 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb New York City t\u00eb luanin dy loj\u00ebra: \u201cLoja e pyetjeve p\u00ebr vajza\u201d dhe \u201cLoja e pyetjeve p\u00ebr djem\u201d. Secila p\u00ebrfshinte pyetje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira njohurish rreth temave q\u00eb konsiderohen stereotipikisht gjinore, si p\u00ebr shembull: \u201cCila nga k\u00ebto lule \u00ebsht\u00eb lul\u00ebkuqja?\u201d (Loja e pyetjeve p\u00ebr vajza) dhe \u201cCili nga k\u00ebto ekipe futbolli ishte kampioni i vitit 2016?\u201d (Loja e pyetjeve p\u00ebr djem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne i ndam\u00eb rast\u00ebsisht f\u00ebmij\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb reagime q\u00eb sugjeronin se performanca e tyre ishte ose tipike p\u00ebr gjinin\u00eb e tyre, ose jotipike p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Kjo e fundit ishte m\u00ebnyra jon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb lloj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi ndaj konformitetit t\u00eb tyre gjinor. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb djal\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kusht merrte reagime se kishte shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e pyetjeve p\u00ebr vajza, por kishte d\u00ebshtuar n\u00eb Loj\u00ebn e pyetjeve p\u00ebr djem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00eb pas, vler\u00ebsuam se si reagonin ndaj k\u00ebtij reagimi. A do ta ndante djali arritjen e tij publikisht apo do ta fshihte n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cLib\u00ebr fituesish t\u00eb loj\u00ebs s\u00eb pyetjeve p\u00ebr vajza\u201d? A do ta mbante me krenari nj\u00eb sticker \u201cFitues i loj\u00ebs s\u00eb pyetjeve p\u00ebr vajza\u201d, apo do t\u00eb preferonte ta nd\u00ebrronte? A do t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohej p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb mendonin bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt e tij?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reagimi ndaj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb konformitetit gjinor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gjet\u00ebm tre m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb dallueshme se si f\u00ebmij\u00ebt reagonin ndaj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve ndaj konformitetit t\u00eb tyre gjinor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb pari, vajzat dhe djemt\u00eb e t\u00eb gjitha moshave shqet\u00ebsoheshin m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk p\u00ebrshtaten me grupin e tyre gjinor. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata parashikonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb refuzim nga bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt dhe raportonin vet\u00ebvler\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb dyti, disa f\u00ebmij\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive t\u00eb tregonin se i p\u00ebrkisnin grupit t\u00eb tyre gjinor. Vajzat m\u00eb t\u00eb reja e theksonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb feminitetin e tyre, nd\u00ebrsa djemt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rritur e theksonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb maskulinitetin. P\u00ebr shembull, djemt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rritur na thoshin se u p\u00eblqenin m\u00eb shum\u00eb figurat e aksionit sesa kukullat, ose se donin t\u00eb riprovonin loj\u00ebn e pyetjeve p\u00ebr djem n\u00eb vend t\u00eb asaj p\u00ebr vajza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kjo p\u00ebrputhet me hulumtimet e m\u00ebparshme q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se shum\u00eb vajza t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb \u201ckultur\u00ebn e princeshave\u201d dhe jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb motivuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar feminitetin e tyre, megjith\u00ebse kjo bie kur ato fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb rriten. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, djemt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rritur m\u00ebsojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb se maskuliniteti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb status social i brisht\u00eb, q\u00eb fitohet me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi dhe duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00eb treti, djemt\u00eb e t\u00eb gjitha moshave shmangnin t\u00eb dukeshin jotipik\u00eb p\u00ebr grupin e tyre gjinor, duke u distancuar aktivisht nga \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb lidhet me feminitetin. Gjithsesi, nuk vum\u00eb re q\u00eb vajzat t\u00eb distancoheshin nga elemente t\u00eb maskulinitetit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ky reagim pasqyron nj\u00eb standard t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb kulturor n\u00eb SHBA: vajzat shpesh inkurajohen t\u00eb jen\u00eb atletike, t\u00eb sigurta n\u00eb vetvete ose t\u00eb sillen si \u201ctomboy\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa djemt\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuivalent t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm shoq\u00ebrisht n\u00eb drejtimin e kund\u00ebrt. Nuk ekziston nj\u00eb version i pad\u00ebmsh\u00ebm i \u201ctomboy\u201d p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb. Fjala m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201csissy\u201d, e cila zakonisht nuk konsiderohet si kompliment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nd\u00ebrtimi i identiteteve gjinore t\u00eb sigurta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gjetjet tona tregojn\u00eb se pik\u00ebnisja e konformitetit gjinor n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb rritur, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb disa nga shprehjet m\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme, si agresiviteti i disa burrave dhe ankthi i disa grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur karriera n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb dominuara nga burrat, nis\u00eb her\u00ebt n\u00eb mosh\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Djemt\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 5-vje\u00e7are e kuptojn\u00eb se feminiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb duhet shmangur. N\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e mesme, rreth mosh\u00ebs 7 vje\u00e7, ata duket se e kuptojn\u00eb se maskuliniteti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb status q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet dhe mbrohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive, nj\u00eb mend\u00ebsi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfaqet si agresion, dhun\u00eb seksuale dhe hezitim p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebr vajzat, gjetjet tona sugjerojn\u00eb se ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb motivuara t\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb feminitetin stereotip n\u00eb mosh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb re, por kjo prirje mund t\u00eb zbehet me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Kjo mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb sepse vajzat ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb inkurajohen t\u00eb ndjekin arritje n\u00eb fusha tradicionalisht \u201cmaskuline\u201d, si sporti dhe STEM-i. Ose ato mund t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se maskuliniteti u jep burrave dhe djemve m\u00eb shum\u00eb sukses n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha, prandaj p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb largohen nga feminiteti dhe t\u00eb afrohen me maskulinitetin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb vajzat n\u00eb kontekste t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me m\u00eb shum\u00eb presion p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur feminitet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur maskulinitetin, pra p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb stereotipe gjinore, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb studimi yn\u00eb nuk arriti t\u2019i kap\u00eb. Po ashtu, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb pse reagimet e vajzave ndaj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb perceptuara ndaj konformitetit gjinor mund t\u00eb dob\u00ebsohen me mosh\u00ebn, duke pasur parasysh se grat\u00eb e rritura ndikohen ende nga k\u00ebto presione. Q\u00ebllimi yn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb testojm\u00eb m\u00eb tej se si zhvillohet konformiteti gjinor n\u00eb kontekste m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme gjeografike dhe kulturore, si dhe te f\u00ebmij\u00eb me identitete gjinore m\u00eb t\u00eb larmishme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, besojm\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebria e mesme mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb ky\u00e7e p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje. Programet q\u00eb i ndihmojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, sidomos djemt\u00eb, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb identitete t\u00eb sigurta q\u00eb nuk varen nga performimi i gjinis\u00eb, mund t\u2019i ndihmojn\u00eb ata t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie m\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme me normat gjinore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb cenuesh\u00ebm ndaj reagimeve t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme ndaj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb perceptuara ndaj konformitetit t\u00eb tyre gjinor gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Megjithat\u00eb, ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nuk i v\u00ebzhgojn\u00eb thjesht normat gjinore, ata i p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsojn\u00eb ato, i mbrojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive dhe fillojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt sesa mendohet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n