Sipas disa autor\u00ebve, p\u00ebrvoja e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e am\u00ebsis\u00eb shpesh do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb manovrosh me jet\u00ebn t\u00ebnde personale, me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet dhe pun\u00ebn t\u00ebnde. Detyrimi p\u00ebr ta mbajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt t\u00eb heshtur mund t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb ndjehen sikur po d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb si n\u00ebna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c97% e p\u00ebrkushtuar, 3% e p\u00ebrqendruar tek vetja. 0 ankesa. 100% n\u00ebn\u00eb\u201d. Kjo parull\u00eb e zgjedhur nga nj\u00eb zinxhir i dyqaneve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr fushat\u00eb reklamuese p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e N\u00ebn\u00ebs, kishte ngjallur indinjat\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb shumica t\u00eb th\u00ebrrasin p\u00ebr bojkot t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb spanjolle p\u00ebrmes rrjeteve sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kjo fushat\u00eb, si\u00e7 denoncuan shum\u00eb feministe n\u00eb platform\u00ebn Twitter, riprodhoi stereotipet e zakonshme patriarkale p\u00ebr am\u00ebsin\u00eb, si\u00e7 e p\u00ebrshkruan shkrimtarja dhe gazetarja katalanase Esther Vivas n\u00eb librin e saj Mam<\/em>\u00e1<\/em> desobediente. Una Mirada feminist a la maternidad (N\u00ebna e pabindur. Nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb feministe mbi am\u00ebsin\u00eb)<\/em>, botuar nga Captain Swing n\u00eb 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vivas sfidon idealin patriarkal t\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs vet\u00ebmohuese. Ekziston nj\u00eb konceptim disi i romantizuar dhe i idealizuar i am\u00ebsis\u00eb. \u201cSipas pik\u00ebpamjes tradicionale patriarkale ekzistojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy lloje t\u00eb n\u00ebnave; n\u00ebna e p\u00ebrkushtuar e vet\u00ebmohuese dhe n\u00ebna e keqe\u201d, thot\u00eb autorja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb me Equal Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cPor p\u00ebrvoja e am\u00ebsis\u00eb shpesh do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb manovrosh me jet\u00ebn t\u00ebnde personale, me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet dhe pun\u00ebn t\u00ebnde. Detyrimi p\u00ebr ta mbajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt t\u00eb heshtur na b\u00ebn t\u00eb ndihemi sikur po d\u00ebshtojm\u00eb si n\u00ebna. \u00cbsht\u00eb fakt se si n\u00ebna ne nuk b\u00ebjm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb duam, ne b\u00ebjm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb mundemi. Am\u00ebsia e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb rraskapitje, kontradikt\u00eb dhe ambivalenc\u00eb\u201d thot\u00eb Vivas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ideja e n\u00ebn\u00ebs vet\u00ebmohuese \u00ebsht\u00eb kritikuar tash e sa koh\u00eb. Regretting Motherhood <\/em>nga Orna Donath (Reservoir Books, 2016) krijoi nj\u00eb moment historik duke diskutuar p\u00ebr faktin se ka gra t\u00eb cilat pendohen q\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00ebna, pavar\u00ebsisht se sa shum\u00eb i duan f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre. N\u00eb vitin 2014, n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, Lura Baena hapi Club de Malas Mades (Klubi i n\u00ebnave t\u00eb k\u00ebqija), i cili tani ka mbi 55,000 ndjek\u00ebs n\u00eb Twitter. Prishja e k\u00ebtij ideali t\u00eb pamundur ndihmon grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb manovrojn\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb me pun\u00ebn, am\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjitha aspektet e tjera t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb mes t\u00eb kompromisit dhe negociatave t\u00eb cilat asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk t\u00eb shpien n\u00eb zgjidhjen ideale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb am\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga instrumentet kryesore q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret tradicionalisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb dominuar dhe zbutur grat\u00eb, e cila deri diku shpjegon “refuzimin q\u00eb i b\u00ebhet nga disa qarqe feministe, ku ekziston nj\u00eb aspekt biosocial i t\u00eb qenit n\u00ebn\u00eb, dhe feminizmi nuk p\u00ebrkrah\u00a0 at\u00eb komponent biologjik\u201d thot\u00eb Vivas. \u201cNj\u00eb diskurs anti-am\u00ebsi dhe anti-riprodhim u shfaq gjat\u00eb val\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb feminizmit, n\u00eb vitet 1970. Por, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb brez i ri, ky i imi, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me am\u00ebsin\u00eb si rruga e vetme e mundshme dhe q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje m\u00eb pak paragjykuese\u201d shton ajo. Autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si avokatja dhe shkrimtarja Mara Basquets flasin me rezerva p\u00ebr \u2018maternofobin\u00eb\u2019 brenda l\u00ebvizjes feministe, duke e lidhur at\u00eb me munges\u00ebn e v\u00ebmendjes q\u00eb feminizmi i jep \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb dhun\u00ebs obstetrike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kujdesi kolektiv<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ver\u00f3nica Gago, n\u00ebn\u00eb, akademike dhe aktiviste brenda l\u00ebvizjes \u201cNi Una Menos\u201d p\u00ebrmbledh\u00eb dilem\u00ebn e saj k\u00ebshtu: \u201cAsnj\u00eb grua nuk mund t\u2019ia dal\u00eb vet\u00ebm, do t\u00eb ishte e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7mendur k\u00ebdo, sepse presioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebmohuese shoq\u00ebrohet me shkat\u00ebrrimin e mjediseve publike t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe me strukturat e familjes t\u00eb ndryshuara rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht\u201d. Sipas Gago-s sfida p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen feministe q\u00ebndron n\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb menduarit p\u00ebr am\u00ebsin\u00eb nga nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb e nd\u00ebrvar\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesja nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm apo p\u00ebrmes parave.\u201d Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb secila grua t\u00eb detyrohet t\u00eb gjej\u00eb zgjidhje brenda sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb vet, duke paguar k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb grua tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer detyrat t\u00eb cilat ajo nuk mund ti p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb vet, ne duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb zgjidhje kolektive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDe-individualizimi i am\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d si\u00e7 pohon Vivas, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb pritet nga n\u00ebnat q\u00eb t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb, pra kujdesi p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb kolektivizohet dhe burrat duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb\u201d. Edhe pse gj\u00ebrat kan\u00eb ndryshuar thell\u00ebsisht gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, sipas shifrave p\u00ebr vitin 2018 nga Organizata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Pun\u00ebs (ILO) grat\u00eb n\u00eb vende si Spanja i kushtojn\u00eb 68% t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kujdesit t\u00eb papaguar. Sipas Institutit Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Statistikave dhe Regjistrimeve (INEC), n\u00eb rastin e Argjentin\u00ebs gruaja i kushton dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb krahasim me burrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Shifrat ndryshojn\u00eb var\u00ebsisht nga vendi, por grat\u00eb padyshim i kushtojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pun\u00ebs kujdestare, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesjen p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Polemika rreth pushimit t\u00eb at\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb burrat n\u00eb rritjen dhe kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve? N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb pushimi i at\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjatur n\u00eb vitet e fundit, pika kulminante \u00ebsht\u00eb Suedia, ku n\u00ebnat dhe baballar\u00ebt kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr 480 dit\u00eb pushimi mes tyre. N\u00eb Spanj\u00eb plani p\u00ebr pushimin e at\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ai t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb progresive, tashm\u00eb ka kaluar nga dy n\u00eb pes\u00eb jav\u00eb derisa t\u00eb arrij\u00eb gjasht\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb jav\u00ebt n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb grave dhe ta b\u00ebj\u00eb pushimin jo t\u00eb transferuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sidoqoft\u00eb, koha e pushimit t\u00eb lehonis\u00eb nuk ka ndryshuar q\u00eb nga vitet 1980 dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb koh\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre me gji p\u00ebr t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn gjasht\u00eb muajt e par\u00eb, si\u00e7 rekomandohet nga Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb (OBSH). Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse shumica n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen feministe argumentojn\u00eb se duhet ti japim p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi zgjatjes s\u00eb pushimit p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat, sesa p\u00ebr burrat, pasi q\u00eb nevoja e nj\u00eb foshnje kat\u00ebr muajshe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cPushimi i barabart\u00eb dhe i pa transferuesh\u00ebm i lehonis\u00eb dhe at\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar pabarazin\u00eb gjinore n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, por e gjith\u00eb premisa prapa k\u00ebtij propozimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar. N\u00ebna ende shihet si problemi, kur n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb bota e pun\u00ebs e cila nuk p\u00ebrputhet me premisat e jet\u00ebs dhe kujdesit\u201d, thot\u00eb Vivas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Masat problematizojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 thekson Vivas ato bazohen n\u00eb stereoptipin e familjes heteroseksuale dhe poashtu d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb familjet me nj\u00eb prind, 85% e t\u00eb cilave drejtohen nga grat\u00eb. Autorja argumenton se kjo shoq\u00ebri nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar pabarazit\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb cilat shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej pushimit t\u00eb lehonis\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr kujdesin nuk mund t\u00eb sigurohet vet\u00ebm nga ligjet, madje as n\u00eb vendet nordike. \u201cShum\u00eb prej grave me t\u00eb cilat kam biseduar n\u00eb vendet skandinave jan\u00eb t\u00eb bezdisura sepse burrat marrin pushimin prind\u00ebror, mir\u00ebpo nuk marrin p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e prind\u00ebrimit dhe kujdesit\u201d, shpjegon autorja dhe feministja italiane Silvia Federici, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb konference shtypi n\u00eb Buenos Aires n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cRreziku \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb duke pasur nj\u00eb qasje abstrakte ndaj barazis\u00eb, ne p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojm\u00eb duke penalizuar grat\u00eb dhe duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb padukshme\u201d, shtoi ajo. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb burrat dhe grat\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr lehonin\u00eb; disa trupa jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe ta ushqejn\u00eb me gji dhe disa trupa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb. P\u00ebr aktivisten italiane Federici, feminizmi nuk duhet ta refuzoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt, por ta vler\u00ebsoj\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb grat\u00eb dhe q\u00eb patriarkati kapitalist e b\u00ebn t\u00eb padukshme. \u201cP\u00ebr arsyen se kjo shoq\u00ebri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb ta mbaj\u00eb veten vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes pla\u00e7kitjes dhe dhun\u00ebs\u201d, prandaj kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse feminizmi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb anti-kapitalist sipas saj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb shoq\u00ebria ajo e cila duhet ti p\u00ebrshtatet gjidh\u00ebnies dhe jo e kund\u00ebrta\u201d, thot\u00eb Vivas n\u00eb librin e saj. Nj\u00eblloj, shoq\u00ebria duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet me faktin se qeniet njer\u00ebzore kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdes kur jan\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, t\u00eb moshuar apo t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb ne ti kushtojm\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ngurt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe autoritetit t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. \u201cNj\u00eb am\u00ebsi ndryshe, k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ndryshe\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nazaret Castro<\/p>\n\n\n\n E p\u00ebrktheu: Greta Avdyli<\/p>\n\n\n\n