{"id":2452,"date":"2021-08-06T11:39:23","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T10:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?post_type=lexo-post&p=2452"},"modified":"2021-08-06T11:42:03","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T10:42:03","slug":"rosa-luksemburg-gruaja-qe-jetoi-ne-zemer-te-revolucionit","status":"publish","type":"lexo-post","link":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/lexo-post\/rosa-luksemburg-gruaja-qe-jetoi-ne-zemer-te-revolucionit\/","title":{"rendered":"Rosa Luksemburg – gruaja q\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb revolucionit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rosa Luksemburg ishte nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb me histori \u00e7ifuto-gjermane. Ajo lindi n\u00eb qytetin e Zamo\u015b\u0107 m\u00eb 1871, n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje \u00e7ifute me t\u00eb ardhura mesatare. Sikur shumica e \u00e7ifut\u00ebve t\u00eb asaj kohe, ajo u ndikua nga kultura polake dhe prejardhja \u00e7ifute. L\u00ebvizja Haskalah <\/em>dhe ndryshimet ligjore t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme t\u00eb statuseve t\u00eb \u00e7ifut\u00ebve nd\u00ebrtuan jet\u00ebn e familjes Luksemburg. Rosa ishte e shtypur n\u00eb tri nivele: nj\u00ebher\u00eb si polake n\u00ebn qeverisjen e Rusis\u00eb Cariste, s\u00eb dyti si \u00e7ifute, dhe s\u00eb treti si grua. Demokracia sociale dhe t\u00eb drejtat e barabarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb kishin r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi thelb\u00ebsore. Kur ishte vet\u00ebm dy vje\u00e7e, nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb mjek\u00ebsore e la me pasoja sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, Rosa ishte nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb kureshtare me nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn. Nivelet e ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb saj p\u00ebr rrethin ishin m\u00ebse t\u00eb larta. F\u00ebmija i pest\u00eb dhe e fundit n\u00eb familje, ajo trajtohej si e parap\u00eblqyera p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb saj sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe intelektit t\u00eb avancuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur gjuha polake u ndalua n\u00eb shkolla, Rosa menj\u00ebher\u00eb u inkuadrua n\u00eb politikat shkollore kund\u00ebr nacionalizmin polak. Si nj\u00eb person indiferent ndaj l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb majt\u00eb marksiste dhe ideve t\u00eb Engelsit si dhe sentimenteve t\u00eb djathta nacionaliste, Rosa argumentonte q\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit nuk do t\u00eb ndihmonin n\u00eb rr\u00ebzimin e perandoris\u00eb Ruse \u2013 nj\u00ebjt\u00eb  si opinioni i Marksit dhe Engelsit q\u00eb thoshte se nacionalizmi vet\u00ebm do mbronte kapitalizmin duke fuqizuar vet\u00ebdijen klasore t\u00eb borgjezis\u00eb. Rosa d\u00ebshmoi ekzekutimin e kat\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Partis\u00eb se Proletariatit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shprehjes s\u00eb opinionit n\u00eb suaza publike. Kjo e b\u00ebri sensitive ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb etosit demokratik dhe luftimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngritja n\u00eb grad\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mpreht\u00ebsia e Ros\u00ebs e g\u00ebrshetuar me pasionin e saj p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi sociale e shtyn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Cyrih t\u00eb Zvicr\u00ebs. Mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebsja e saj raportoi se ajo n\u00eb universitet kishte arritur si nj\u00eb \u201cMarksiste e kompletuar\u201d. Ajo p\u00ebrfundoi doktorat\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1897, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7are, vet\u00ebm 30 vjet pasi universiteti lejoi gruan e par\u00eb t\u00eb vijoj studimet e doktorat\u00ebs. Koha e saj n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr ishte prelud p\u00ebr rrymat drejtuese socialiste t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitin 1898 ajo b\u00ebri nd\u00ebrhyrjen e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb debatin socialist nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar kur kritikoi Edward Bernstein, studentin m\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Engels, pasi q\u00eb shkroi \u201cReform\u00ebn ose Revolucionin\u201d. Bernstein kishte argumentuar se kapitalizmi nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyset nga revolucioni dhe se klasa pun\u00ebtore duhet t\u00eb aspiroj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb reformash. Rosa e sulmoi k\u00ebt\u00eb pozicion: pa revolucionin, argumentoi ajo, socializmi humbet boshtin e tij qendror. Sigurisht, ishte jetike t\u00eb ndryshohen kushtet e klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore, por ishte thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb mbahet revolucioni si motiv qendror. Rosa nuk ishte gruaja e vetme hebraike q\u00eb sulmoi (shokun hebre) Bernstein n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr. Aty ai kaloi shum\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim dhe u lidh me familjen Marx dhe u sulmua pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr argumentin e tij ndaj trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb kulturore t\u00eb babait t\u00eb saj nga Eleanor Marx, vajza m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e Karl Marx. Ajo kishte vendosur t\u00eb redaktonte tekstin themelor t\u00eb babait t\u00eb saj \u201cVlera, \u00c7mimi dhe Fitimi\u201d si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb Bernstein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hyrja dramatike e Ros\u00ebs n\u00eb sken\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore e b\u00ebri at\u00eb nj\u00eb interes t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm publik dhe nj\u00eb personalitet po aq t\u00eb admiruar aq sa dhe t\u00eb urryer. Kjo pritje hiperbolike do t\u00eb shoq\u00ebronte edhe jet\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb p\u00ebrtejme. Ajo kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb pashmangshme fizike n\u00eb Berlin, ku zhvillohej kulmi i debatit socialist. SPD, dikur e paligjshme sipas ligjeve antisocialiste, po fitonte forc\u00eb dhe ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb partia m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb Internacionalen e Dyt\u00eb, organizata m\u00eb e madhe socialiste e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Rosa e dinte se Berlini do t\u00eb ishte vendi m\u00eb vendimtar ku ajo do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb pun\u00ebn revolucionare nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Ajo u nxit nga integriteti dhe pasioni p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe ideja e qart\u00eb se si t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb politikisht n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve. Jeta revolucionare n\u00eb Berlin ishte e pasur me ide radikale dhe rebel\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr. Mjedisi i Ros\u00ebs ishte ai i t\u00eb huajve dhe kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve dhe ajo gjeti shok\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm si Clara Zetkin dhe grat\u00eb e tjera hebreje-  Luise Kautsky dhe Mathilde Jacob. Megjithat\u00eb, Rosa kurr\u00eb nuk e b\u00ebri Berlinin sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb saj. Gjithmon\u00eb e huaj dhe e jashtme, ajo e p\u00ebrdori k\u00ebt\u00eb pozicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar dhembshurin\u00eb dhe kuptueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebrtej mjedisit t\u00eb saj t\u00eb af\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosa shpesh mbahet mend n\u00eb kontekstin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb saj, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me shokun dhe t\u00eb dashurin e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb, Leo Jogiches. Ajo gjithashtu mbahet mend shpesh n\u00eb debatin e saj t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me Leninin. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia e Leninit dhe Ros\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb interesantet n\u00eb historin\u00eb radikale. Rosa ishte gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e bolshevik\u00ebve dhe ishte nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse e fort\u00eb e revolucionit rus t\u00eb vitit 1905, i cili kishte ndikuar shum\u00eb tek ajo. Pas revolucionit, ajo shkroi Grev\u00ebn Masive, Partia dhe Sindikatat, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb sqaronin etosin e saj se \u201cgrevat politike dhe ekonomike jan\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr formimin e nd\u00ebrgjegjes revolucionare\u201d. Ajo po zhvillonte nj\u00eb angazhim p\u00ebr krijimin e nd\u00ebrgjegjes revolucionare p\u00ebrmes grevave: “greva masive \u00ebsht\u00eb forma e par\u00eb natyrore, impulsive e \u00e7do lufte t\u00eb madhe revolucionare t\u00eb proletariatit dhe sa m\u00eb i zhvilluar antagonizmi midis kapitalit dhe pun\u00ebs, aq m\u00eb efektive dhe vendimtare b\u00ebhet greva masive.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00ebsuese dhe Teoriciente<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luksemburgu dha m\u00ebsim n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e partis\u00eb t\u00eb SPD -s\u00eb, ku ajo e p\u00ebrsosi mendimin e saj dhe e praktikoi etik\u00ebn e saj se vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes edukimit t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb do t\u00eb formohet nd\u00ebrgjegjja revolucionare. Ajo ishte gjithmon\u00eb agjitatore e talentuar e cila, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kapte auditor\u00ebt pa mundim. Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj si m\u00ebsuese n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve ajo zhvilloi disa nga veprat e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu baz\u00ebn e asaj q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej libri i saj Akumulimi i Kapitalit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, SPD po fitonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb terren si forc\u00eb parlamentare, nd\u00ebrsa po b\u00ebhej gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb centriste n\u00eb pozicionet e saj ku Rosa u b\u00eb e majta e saj e jashtme. Konkretisht, ajo e ngarkoi partin\u00eb e saj me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb gabueshme t\u00eb partis\u00eb me imperializmin. Pavar\u00ebsisht se kishte sh\u00ebndet t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe nuk udh\u00ebtonte shum\u00eb, Rosa ishte e vet\u00ebdijshme dhe e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrtej Evrop\u00ebs. Ajo kishte shkruar p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Jugut (e njohur at\u00ebher\u00eb si “Lufta e Boer<\/em>“) t\u00eb vitit 1902. Revolucionarja \u00e7ifute Ruth First, e cila ishte nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr aparteidit n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut, komentoi se Rosa ishte personi i par\u00eb q\u00eb e kuptoi at\u00eb luft\u00eb dhe se \u00e7mimi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00eb i paguar ishte nga afrikan\u00ebt vendas, jo kolonizator\u00ebt britanik\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebshtu, Rosa e p\u00ebrdori k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kritik\u00ebn e saj intelektuale dhe teorike t\u00eb V\u00ebllimit 2 t\u00eb Kapitalit<\/em> t\u00eb Marksit me p\u00ebrpjekjen e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar imperializmin, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mbrojtjen e k\u00ebtij v\u00ebllimi nga partia e saj. Ajo shkroi n\u00eb Akumulimin e Kapitalit q\u00eb kapitalizmi dhe imperializmi shkonin paralelisht; nj\u00ebra nuk mund t\u00eb rr\u00ebzohej pa tjetr\u00ebn. Kapitalizmi k\u00ebrkon tregje jo-kapitaliste n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat t\u00eb zgjerohet, imperializmi k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrgatit terrenin mbi t\u00eb cilin kapitalizmi jet\u00ebsohet. Ky argument dhe kjo tez\u00eb u p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet me shum\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtime: Lenini kritikoi shkrimet e saj mbi njer\u00ebzit e tokave q\u00eb nuk i njihte, n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, Australi dhe Azi, si sentimentale dhe “jo-marksiste”. Sidoqoft\u00eb, Rosa gjithmon\u00eb i p\u00ebrmbahej integritetit t\u00eb saj dhe mosmarr\u00ebveshja nuk e b\u00ebri at\u00eb t\u00eb largohej nga pozicioni teorik i saj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb e burgosur e nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosa e kund\u00ebrshtoi ashp\u00ebr shp\u00ebrthimin e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. SPD kishte votuar p\u00ebr kredite lufte, t\u00eb cilat Rosa i kritikoi ashp\u00ebr, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb burgim tjet\u00ebr (ajo ishte burgosur s\u00eb pari pas revolucionit t\u00eb vitit 1905). K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb, Rosa e kaloi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb burg, por vazhdoi t\u00eb shkruante dhe agjitonte nd\u00ebrsa mb\u00ebshtetej nga miqt\u00eb dhe shok\u00ebt e saj. Ajo bashk\u00ebthemeloi Lidhjen Spartacus me shok\u00ebt e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ish t\u00eb dashurin e saj Leo Jogiches dhe Clara Zetkin; ky grupim do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej eventualisht Partia Komuniste e Gjermanis\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1915 ajo shkroi n\u00eb “Pamfletin Junius<\/em>“, t\u00eb botuar me pseudonimin: “E dhunuar, e \u00e7nderuar, e gjakosur dhe duke pikuar ndyr\u00ebsi – atje q\u00ebndron shoq\u00ebria borgjeze. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo [n\u00eb realitet]. Pa karakter shpirt\u00ebror dhe pa moral, me pretendime p\u00ebr kultur\u00ebn, filozofin\u00eb, etik\u00ebn, rendin, paqen dhe sundimin e ligjit – por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb bish\u00eb grabitqare, mbledhi e shtrigave t\u00eb anarkis\u00eb, nj\u00eb plag\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin. K\u00ebshtu ajo shfaqet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, e zhveshur.” E talentuar si oratore dhe shkrimtare m\u00ebse fuqishme, Luksemburgu nuk u l\u00ebkund kurr\u00eb nga kauza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koha e Ros\u00ebs n\u00eb burg nuk kaloi n\u00eb kot\u00ebsi. Ajo mbante lidhje me ngjarjet revolucionare, pikturonte dhe studionte natyr\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth saj n\u00eb mjedisin e saj t\u00eb kufizuar. Rosa e kishte kuptuar gjithmon\u00eb lidhjen e thell\u00eb midis gruas dhe natyr\u00ebs, burrit dhe mjedisit t\u00eb tij dhe nd\u00ebrsa ishte e kufizuar, ky fokus ishte thelluar mu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kahje. N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr tashm\u00eb t\u00eb famshme drejtuar shoqes s\u00eb saj Sonja Liebknecht, gruas s\u00eb Karl Liebknecht (e cila ishte gjithashtu e burgosur p\u00ebr veprimtarin\u00eb e tij revolucionare), Rosa shkroi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb oborrin ku un\u00eb eci, vagon\u00ebt ushtarak\u00eb mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb shpesh, t\u00eb mbushur plot me thas\u00eb ose uniforma dhe k\u00ebmisha t\u00eb vjetra shpesh t\u00eb ndotura me gjak … Ato shkarkohen k\u00ebtu, kalojn\u00eb nga qelit\u00eb, riparohen, pastaj ngarkohen dhe d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb ushtri. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, nj\u00eb karroc\u00eb e till\u00eb u t\u00ebrhoq nga buallicat e ujit dhe jo nga kuajt. Kjo ishte hera e par\u00eb q\u00eb i pash\u00eb k\u00ebto kafsh\u00eb nga af\u00ebr. Ato jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar m\u00eb t\u00eb forta dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera se buajt tan\u00eb, me kok\u00eb t\u00eb rrafsh\u00ebt, brir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkulur. Kafkat e tyre m\u00eb shum\u00eb ngjajn\u00eb me kafkat e deleve tona; t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb zeza me sy t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb but\u00eb. Ato vijn\u00eb nga Rumania, jan\u00eb trofe lufte … Gjithsesi, disa dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb vagon i ngarkuar me thas\u00eb u fut n\u00eb burg. Ngarkesa ishte grumbulluar aq shum\u00eb sa buallicat nuk mund ta kalonin pragun e port\u00ebs. Ushtari q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb, nj\u00eb personazh brutal, filloi t’i rrihte kafsh\u00ebt me skajin e r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb kamxhikut t\u00eb tij aq eg\u00ebrsisht sa mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebsi me zem\u00ebrim k\u00ebrkoi llogari. “A nuk keni keqardhje p\u00ebr to?” “Keqardhje nuk ka askush as p\u00ebr ne njer\u00ebzit!” u p\u00ebrgjigj ai me nj\u00eb t\u00eb qeshur dhe ra mbi buallicat edhe me m\u00eb shum\u00eb forc\u00eb …. N\u00eb fund, kafsh\u00ebt u ngrit\u00ebn dhe kap\u00ebrcyen gung\u00ebn, por nj\u00ebra prej tyre po gjakosej ..<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mizoria e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb front g\u00ebrshetohet me mizorin\u00eb e lejimit t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb vuajn\u00eb kur mbajn\u00eb k\u00ebto uniforma t\u00eb ushtar\u00ebve t\u00eb lyera me gjak n\u00eb Gjermani. Kuptimi i ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb nga Rosa ishte i lidhur me at\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha luftimet ishin t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura thell\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pionere Social-Demokrate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosa ishte gjithmon\u00eb krenare p\u00ebr hebraizmin e saj, megjith\u00ebse ajo q\u00ebndroi larg politik\u00ebs hebraike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Ashtu si debati mbi nacionalizmin polak, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ajo refuzoi t\u00eb shihte idet\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme q\u00eb dilnin nga identiteti i saj, Rosa e kuptoi bot\u00ebn, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrmes syve t\u00eb t\u00eb shtypurve, p\u00ebrmes prizmit t\u00eb saj t\u00eb margjinalizuar. Kur shoqja Mathilde Wurm i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr p\u00ebr Spinoz\u00ebn n\u00eb burg n\u00eb vitin 1917, Rosa shkroi: \u201c\u00e7far\u00eb doni me k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb t\u00eb \u2018vuajtjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb hebrenjve\u2019? Un\u00eb jam po aq e shqet\u00ebsuar me viktimat e varfra n\u00eb plantacionet e gom\u00ebs n\u00eb Putumayo dhe njer\u00ebzit e zinj n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb me kufomat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve evropian\u00ebt luajn\u00eb … Nuk kam vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn time p\u00ebr geton [hebraike]. Ndihem si n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb time n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn kudo ku ka re, zogj dhe lot njer\u00ebzor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosa ishte nj\u00eb shkrimtare e talentuar e letrave, duke ndjekur tradit\u00ebn e intelektualit t\u00eb madh hebre Rahel Varnhagen (t\u00eb cilin ajo e citoi n\u00eb fusnot\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dor\u00ebshkrimet e saj ekonomike). Bot\u00ebkuptimi i Luksemburgut ishte koherent dhe i fort\u00eb dhe ajo iu p\u00ebrmbajt shkaqeve n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat besonte, pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse historia i v\u00ebrtetonte si t\u00eb drejta apo t\u00eb gabuara. Shum\u00eb nga shkaqet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat ajo avokoi jan\u00eb ende duke z\u00ebn\u00eb faqet tona t\u00eb para – ajo ishte nj\u00eb grua para koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Luksemburgu ishte gjithashtu nj\u00eb pioniere e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut; ajo shkroi kund\u00ebr d\u00ebnimit me vdekje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e t\u00eb burgosurve (pa dyshim, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e saj) dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet e tjera q\u00eb mbeten aktuale edhe sot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luksemburgu kishte nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb po aq sa t\u00eb tensionuar me Leninin. T\u00eb prezantuar her\u00ebt n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre revolucionare, debati i tyre p\u00ebrfshinte karrier\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr faktit se Luksemburgu ishte nj\u00eb e jashtme e majt\u00eb dhe Lenini nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i majt\u00eb, shum\u00eb nga idet\u00eb e tyre u bashkuan. Luksemburgu dhe Lenini ishin t\u00eb dy revolucionar\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr q\u00eb luftuan p\u00ebr bindjet e tyre pa u ndalur. Luksemburgu e mir\u00ebpriti me zem\u00ebr Revolucionin Rus t\u00eb vitit 1917. Pavar\u00ebsisht se ishte e burgosur dhe pagoi \u00e7mimin me lirin\u00eb e saj p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb atyre ngjarjeve revolucionare, ajo ishte e vet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr natyr\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ajo ishte e shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr sulmin ndaj institucioneve demokratike q\u00eb Lenini po orkestronte n\u00ebn kujdesin revolucionar. P\u00ebr Ros\u00ebn, demokracia dhe marksizmi shkonin gjithmon\u00eb krah p\u00ebr krah, duke mos b\u00ebr\u00eb kurr\u00eb l\u00ebshime p\u00ebr nj\u00ebr\u00ebn a tjetr\u00ebn. Kund\u00ebr argumenti i Luksemburgut ishte gjithnj\u00eb i nj\u00eb demokracie t\u00eb plot\u00eb sociale me t\u00eb drejta dhe liri p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb – ajo mbronte vot\u00ebn universale p\u00ebrmbi fushatat p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe kuptoi se dh\u00ebnia p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi e nj\u00eb grupi n\u00eb luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi do \u00e7onte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb demokraci t\u00eb met\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo sulmoi heshtjen e kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas revolucionit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vet\u00ebdije t\u00eb fituar si nj\u00eb grua e re, p\u00ebr \u00e7mimin q\u00eb q\u00ebndron p\u00ebr idet\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuese q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodhin ndaj individit: “liria \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb dhe ekskluzivisht liria e atij q\u00eb mendon ndryshe\u201d, thoshte ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luksemburgu ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb kritike ndaj revolucionit gjerman t\u00eb 1918-1919, pavar\u00ebsisht se ai revolucion i solli lirin\u00eb e saj nga burgu. Kjo ngjarje historike, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e kryengritjes s\u00eb qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb majt\u00eb q\u00eb bashkoi forcat me forcat protofashiste, Luksemburgu e dinte, nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb revolucionar. Ajo kishte shkruar n\u00eb vitin 1915; “Socializ\u00ebm ose barbariz\u00ebm<\/em>“; Gjermania ishte n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e qart\u00eb drejt k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb fundit. M\u00eb 15 janar 1919, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 47-vje\u00e7are, ajo u vra, s\u00eb bashku me shokun e saj t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm Karl Liebknecht, nga Freikorps<\/em>, nj\u00eb grup militar proto-fashist i cili punonte n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb plot\u00eb me forcat centriste n\u00eb qeveri (dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste ngritjen e Hitlerit n\u00eb fuqi). Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para vrasjes s\u00eb saj, duke jetuar n\u00eb arrati dhe e fshehur, Rosa shkroi n\u00eb tekstin e saj t\u00eb fundit ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, “Rendi mbizot\u00ebron n\u00eb Berlin<\/strong>“:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Rendi mbizot\u00ebron n\u00eb Berlin!” Ju laker\u00eb budallenj! “Rendi” juaj \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi r\u00ebr\u00eb. Nes\u00ebr revolucioni “do t\u00eb ngrihet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, duke p\u00ebrplasur arm\u00ebt e tij” dhe p\u00ebr tmerrin tuaj ai do t\u00eb shpall\u00eb me bori q\u00eb bien:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isha, jam, do t\u00eb jem!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrasja e tmerrshme e Luksemburgut, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn trupi i saj i gjymtuar u hodh n\u00eb Kanalin Landwehr, tronditi shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Kjo sinjalizoi fillimin e mizorive q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhnin n\u00ebn sundimin nazist n\u00eb Gjermani dhe Holokaustin; Freikorps<\/em> punuan ngusht\u00eb me Hitlerin dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas ngritjes s\u00eb tij n\u00eb pushtet filloi sulmi i tyre n\u00eb idet\u00eb e Luksemburgut. N\u00eb 1933 nazist\u00ebt hoq\u00ebn yllin e kuq nga varri i Karl Liebknecht dhe Ros\u00ebs. N\u00ebn fashizmin gjerman, rritja e sulmeve ndaj komunist\u00ebve dhe hebrenjve i b\u00ebri t\u00eb cenuesh\u00ebm edhe shok\u00ebt e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb. Mathilde Jacob, dora e djatht\u00eb e Ros\u00ebs, e cila ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr ruajtjen dhe botimin e nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Ros\u00ebs, u mor m\u00eb 27 korrik 1942 dhe u internua n\u00eb kampin e p\u00ebrqendrimit Theresienstadt, ku ajo vdiq m\u00eb 14 prill 1943. Si shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, ajo nuk ishte mjaft dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e socialist\u00ebve p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrndjekur nga Hitleri dhe nazist\u00ebt p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e saj, por ajo vuajti p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj, si t\u00eb gjith\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e saj dhe t\u00eb Ros\u00ebs n\u00eb vitet ’30. Luise Kautsky vdiq n\u00eb Aushvic n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 80 -vje\u00e7are nga nj\u00eb sulm n\u00eb zem\u00ebr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosa Luksemburg mbetet nj\u00eb nga mendimtaret dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebset m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb shekullit XX. P\u00ebrkushtimi i saj i thell\u00eb p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi e b\u00ebn\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb nderuar dhe t\u00eb frikshme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. Dhembshuria dhe kuptimi i thell\u00eb i saj i vuajtjeve na drejton edhe sot p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit ton\u00eb p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi sociale. N\u00eb 1913 ajo shkroi, “historia do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb pun\u00ebn e saj, shikoni q\u00eb edhe ju t\u00eb b\u00ebni pun\u00ebn tuaj”. Sot, kjo thirrje \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb urgjente se kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dana Naomy Mills<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E p\u00ebrktheu: Rejsa Ku\u00e7i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekstin origjinal mund ta gjeni n\u00eb: https:\/\/www.rosalux.de\/en\/news\/id\/43956\/rosa-luxemburg-the-woman-who-lived-at-the-heart-of-the-revolution?cHash=0ff842a1fd9b6c9c98b96a3c2fcbed78&fbclid=IwAR3LfCuEfaNBoMD-gpOcHbqRtYoKuL5RVuydhbB1_X-vrzNUNxoHJDQkNE0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2450,"template":"","class_list":["post-2452","lexo-post","type-lexo-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRosa Luksemburg - gruaja q\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb revolucionit - QIKA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/rosa-luksemburg-gruaja-qe-jetoi-ne-zemer-te-revolucionit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rosa Luksemburg - gruaja q\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb revolucionit - QIKA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rosa Luksemburg ishte nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb me histori \u00e7ifuto-gjermane. 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