M\u00ebnyra se si flasim p\u00ebr Rosa Parks tregon t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat e pak\u00ebndshme p\u00ebr racizmin n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fotografia e burgut me num\u00ebr 7053 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr imazhet m\u00eb ikonike t\u00eb Rosa Parks. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo fotografi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e kemi par\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb muze, libra shkollor\u00eb, bluza dhe faqe n\u00eb internet nuk p\u00ebrkon me at\u00eb \u00e7ka shfaqet. Edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur si e till\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fotografia e burgut e shkrepur n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e arrestimit t\u00eb Rosa Parks n\u00eb Montgomery, Alabama m\u00eb 1 dhjetor 1995, pasi ajo refuzoi ti lironte ul\u00ebsen e autobusit nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtari t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, kjo foto ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kur ajo u arrestua n\u00eb shkurt 1956 pasi ajo dhe 88 \u201cudh\u00ebheq\u00ebs t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb bojkotit\u201d u padit\u00ebn nga qyteti n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ti dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund k\u00ebtij bojkoti. Konfuzioni rreth k\u00ebsaj fotografie shp\u00ebrfaq\u00eb vet\u00ebbesimin e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb amerikan\u00ebve n\u00eb at\u00eb se \u00e7ka mendojm\u00eb ne se dim\u00eb p\u00ebr Rosa Parks dhe n\u00eb \u00e7ka dim\u00eb p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen e t\u00eb drejtave civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Martin Luther King Jr. dhe Rosa Parks paraqiten m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti n\u00eb kapitujt e L\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat Civile i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb tekst p\u00ebr shkollat fillore dhe t\u00eb mesme, si dhe n\u00eb festat e Black History Month. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb nga ato q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit m\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebr Parks \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar, e shtremb\u00ebruar apo thjesht e gabuar. N\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit ton\u00eb kolektiv, ajo shihet vet\u00ebm si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb momenti t\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb autobus t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Montgomery. Bojkoti shihet si dalje e natyrshme e rezistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb saj n\u00eb autobus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, dhe kjo as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si funksionon ndryshimi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. \u201cMe kalimin e viteve, un\u00eb jam rebeluar kund\u00ebr shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb klasit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Ky rebelim nuk filloi kur un\u00eb u arrestova\u201d, kjo ishte \u00e7far\u00eb Parks u kujtonte intervistuesve her\u00eb pas here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E lindur m\u00eb 4 shkurt 1913, ajo kishte qen\u00eb aktiviste p\u00ebr dy dekada para se t\u00eb ndodhte rezistenca n\u00eb autobus, duke filluar me pun\u00ebn e saj s\u00eb bashku me Raymond Parks n\u00eb 1931, me t\u00eb cilin u martua nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas, ku organizoi mbrojtjen e \u201cScottsboro Boys\u201d (n\u00ebnt\u00eb adoleshent\u00eb zezak\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin akuzuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rreme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdhunimin e dy grave t\u00eb bardha). N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb karakterizojn\u00eb aktivizmin e saj p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb dekada jan\u00eb padrejt\u00ebsia e sistemit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb penale, akuzat e gabuara kund\u00ebr burrave zezak\u00eb, shp\u00ebrfillja e grave zezake q\u00eb ishin sulmuar seksualisht dhe brutaliteti i policis\u00eb. Para rezistenc\u00ebs n\u00eb autobus e cila njihet gjer\u00ebsisht, Parks s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb aktivist\u00ebve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu E.D. Nixon, i cili do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej president i deg\u00ebs, kaloi dekad\u00ebn duke punuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb transformuar Shoqat\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Avancimin e Njer\u00ebzve me Ngjyr\u00eb (NAACP) n\u00eb Montgomery, si nj\u00eb etap\u00eb m\u00eb aktive q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohej n\u00eb regjistrimin e votuesve, drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb penale dhe zhdukjen e segregimit. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e lodhshme dhe e rrezikshme dhe Parks tha se ishte \u201cshum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar kur e gjith\u00eb puna q\u00eb b\u00ebnim dukej e kot\u00eb\u201d. Por ajo ishte k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar nga mungesa e ndryshimit dhe asaj q\u00eb ajo e quante \u201cvet\u00ebk\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d s\u00eb shum\u00eb bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebve, ajo reformoi K\u00ebshillin Rinor t\u00eb NAACP n\u00eb 1954 dhe nxiti an\u00ebtar\u00ebt tjer\u00eb t\u00eb mbanin q\u00ebndrime m\u00eb t\u00eb forta kund\u00ebr segregimit. Kur u arrestua 15 vje\u00e7arja Claudette Colvin pasi q\u00eb kishte refuzuar t\u00eb lironte ul\u00ebsen e saj n\u00eb autobus n\u00eb mars 1955, shum\u00eb zezak\u00eb n\u00eb Mongomery ishin t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar nga arrestimi i saj, por disa prej tyre menduan se kjo adoleshente ishte shum\u00eb e eg\u00ebr dhe emocionale dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti i duhur i prov\u00ebs. Sipas zonj\u00ebs Colvin, e cila kishte qen\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt me Parks pas arrestimit t\u00eb saj, tha se ajo inkurajoi an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin e grave t\u00eb reja n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin Rinor dhe ishte e vetmja udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse e mosh\u00ebs madhore. Parks vendosi shpres\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb shpirtin dhe militantizmin e t\u00eb rinjve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dit\u00ebn kur Parks refuzoi t\u00eb lironte ul\u00ebsen e autobusit, ajo sfidoi oficer\u00ebt e policis\u00eb q\u00eb e arrestuan: \u201cPse po na maltretoni?\u201d Nuk ka fotografi nga momenti i arrestimit, padyshim q\u00eb ky moment do t\u00eb ndryshonte historin\u00eb. Por rrjet\u00ebzimi q\u00eb ishte nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb fiteve filloi t\u00eb veproj von\u00eb at\u00eb nat\u00eb kur Parks vendosi t\u00eb ndiqte \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e saj ligjore dhe telefonoi Fred Grey, avokat i ri dhe an\u00ebtar i NAACP, p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar at\u00eb. Gray thirri kreun e K\u00ebshillit Politik t\u00eb Grave, Jo Ann Robinson, e cila vendosi t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr bojkot nj\u00eb ditor, pik\u00ebrisht dit\u00ebn kur Parks do t\u00eb dilte para gjykat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duke u p\u00ebrballur me rrezikun, Robinson u largua nga sht\u00ebpia e saj n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb 50,000 fletushka me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb kolegu t\u00eb saj dhe dy student\u00ebve q\u00eb u besonin. N\u00eb or\u00ebt e hershme t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit, grat\u00eb e K\u00ebshillit Politik t\u00eb Grave shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb fletushkat n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetin, duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb ato n\u00eb kisha e shkolla. I nxitur nga suksesi i bojkotit, komuniteti vendosi t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb. Bojkoti pati sukses pjes\u00ebrisht sepse komuniteti i zezak\u00ebve u mor me organizimin masiv t\u00eb makinave, duke ngritur rreth 40 stacione transporti n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetin dhe duke u sh\u00ebrbyer rreth 30,000 njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb dit\u00eb, dhe pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje ligjore federale q\u00eb sfidonte segregimin e autobus\u00ebve t\u00eb Montgomery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bojkoti nd\u00ebrpreu seriozisht jet\u00ebn e qytetit dhe t\u00eb ardhurat e kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb autobus\u00ebve. Policia sulmoi sistemin e makinave pa m\u00ebshir\u00eb, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb qindra gjoba dhe kur kjo gj\u00eb nuk funksionoi, qyteti nxori nj\u00eb ligj t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb ishte kund\u00ebr sindikatave, me \u00e7\u2019rast u akuzuan 89 drejtues t\u00eb bojkotit. Duke refuzuar q\u00eb t\u00eb priste ta arrestonin, Parks s\u00eb bashku me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt u paraqit n\u00eb polici p\u00ebrderisa shum\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb komunitetit u mblodh\u00ebn jasht\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Storja e Rosa Parks gjithashtu fshin koston e jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb saj n\u00eb autobus dhe dekad\u00ebn e vuajtjeve q\u00eb pasoi p\u00ebr familjen Parks. Ata nuk ishin t\u00eb pasur. Ata jetonin n\u00eb Cleveland Court, Raymond Parks, burri i Rosa Parks punonte si berber n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e Forcave Ajrore Maxwell dhe Rosa Parks po kalonte dit\u00ebt e saj n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb n\u00eb dyqanin Montgomery Fair duke u qepur kostumet e burrave t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. Ajo humbi pun\u00ebn pes\u00eb jav\u00eb pas rezistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb saj n\u00eb autobus, m\u00eb pas edhe Raymond humbi pun\u00ebn e tij. Ata po merrnin k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime me vdekje dhe nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb gjenin pun\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb Mongomery. Tet\u00eb muaj pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb bojkotit, familja Parks u detyrua t\u00eb largohej nga Montgomery p\u00ebr n\u00eb Detroit, ku jetonin v\u00ebllai dhe kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb e saj. Ata kishin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb gjenin pun\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas ajo u shtrua n\u00eb spital p\u00ebr trajtim t\u00eb ulcer\u00ebs n\u00eb 1959 dhe nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte koston e sh\u00ebrimit. N\u00eb vitin 1966, pra 11 vjet pas arrestimit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs n\u00eb autobus ajo u pun\u00ebsua p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit amerikan John Conyers n\u00eb Detroit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rosa Parks kaloi dekadat e ardhshme t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj duke luftuar racizmin n\u00eb Veri t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs. \u201cN\u00eb Veri nuk ishte toka e premtuar\u201d, tha ajo, ku vazhdoi t\u00eb organizonte marshe kund\u00ebr diskriminimit n\u00eb vendbanim, segregimit t\u00eb shkollave, diskriminimit n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe brutalitetit t\u00eb policis\u00eb. N\u00eb korrik 1967, n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e kat\u00ebrt t\u00eb kryengritjes n\u00eb Detroit, policia vrau tre adoleshent\u00eb zezak\u00eb n\u00eb Motelin Algiers. Nuk pati drejt\u00ebsi kund\u00ebr oficer\u00ebve (p\u00ebrfundimisht asnj\u00ebri prej tyre nuk u nd\u00ebshkua p\u00ebr vrasje ose komplot) dhe gazetat n\u00eb Detroit po ngurronin t\u00eb shkruanin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb grupit Black Power t\u00eb cil\u00ebt refuzuan q\u00eb k\u00ebto vdekje t\u00eb kalonin pa u trajtuar dhe q\u00eb veprimet e policis\u00eb t\u00eb fshihen, Rosa Parks pranoi t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente si juriste n\u00eb \u201cTripunalin e Popullit\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ditura faktet e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cUn\u00eb nuk besoj n\u00eb gradualiz\u00ebm apo q\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn ton\u00eb do t\u00eb na marr\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb\u201d, tha ajo. N\u00eb vitet 1960-1970, ajo ishte pjes\u00eb e Black Power e cila ishte l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb rritje brenda dhe jasht\u00eb qytetit. Duke e p\u00ebrshkruar Malcolm X si hero t\u00eb saj, ajo mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb konvent\u00ebn e Black Power n\u00eb Filadelfia n\u00eb 1968, si dhe n\u00eb Konvent\u00ebn Gary n\u00eb vitin 1972. Parks punoi kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Vietnam, sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb komitetet e mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb burgosurve dhe vizitoi shkoll\u00ebn Black Panthers n\u00eb 1980. \u201cAta q\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr liri nuk dalin kurr\u00eb n\u00eb pension\u201d, dhe me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Parks nuk u pensionua asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr kauz\u00ebn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb an\u00eb t\u00eb Rosa Parks ne nuk kemi m\u00ebsuar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb apo nuk e kemi d\u00ebgjuar gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtimeve t\u00eb Black History Month. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mit amerikan si\u00e7 e quajti presidenti George W. Bush pas vdekjes s\u00eb saj n\u00eb 2005, se \u201cnj\u00eb qiri mund t\u00eb ndri\u00e7oj\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00ebn\u201d. Nj\u00eb rrobaqep\u00ebse e thjesht\u00eb ndryshoi rrjedh\u00ebn e historis\u00eb me nj\u00eb veprim t\u00eb vet\u00ebm dhe kombi l\u00ebvizi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme drejt drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Dekadat e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb palodhshme t\u00eb Rosa Parks duke sfiduar padrejt\u00ebsin\u00eb racore p\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtrojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb narrativ\u00eb. Kombi nuk eci natyrsh\u00ebm drejt drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Drejt\u00ebsia duhej t\u00eb merrej dhunsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bojkoti ishte nj\u00eb arritje e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e organizimit q\u00eb t\u00ebrhoqi rrjetet e krijuara nd\u00ebr vite. Demonizimi, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet me vdekje dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb ekonomike me t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrball Parks p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb shp\u00ebrfaq kostot e nj\u00eb heroizmi t\u00eb till\u00eb. Shumica e amerikan\u00ebve nuk mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn l\u00ebvizjen e t\u00eb drejtave civile n\u00eb momentin q\u00eb po ndodhte, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb nj\u00eb sondash t\u00eb Gallup pak para marshit n\u00eb Washington n\u00eb 1963, vet\u00ebm 23% e amerikan\u00ebve q\u00eb kishin njohuri mbi marshin e mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn at\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duke marr\u00eb parasysh faktin se Rosa Parks kaloi gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj duke luftuar racizmin n\u00eb Veri t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs tregon se racizmi nuk ishte nj\u00eb anakroniz\u00ebm rajonal, por ishte kancer komb\u00ebtar. Duke par\u00eb sesi ajo vendosi shpres\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb shpirtin militant t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve p\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtron m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si komentuesit e sot\u00ebm kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur l\u00ebvizjen e t\u00eb drejtave civile p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkuar Black Lives Matter, kinse nuk kan\u00eb ndjekur rrug\u00ebn e duhur p\u00ebr ndryshim. T\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit mbi t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat e Rosa Parks tregon se sa t\u00eb rreme jan\u00eb k\u00ebto dallime, si drejt\u00ebsia penale ishte \u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr \u00ebndrrat e saj t\u00eb liris\u00eb dhe pasqyron nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim thelb\u00ebsor q\u00eb t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb dhe gjith\u00eb amerikan\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb luftosh sinqerisht me historin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij vendi dhe t\u00eb vazhdosh p\u00ebrpara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E p\u00ebrktheu: Greta Avdyli<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tekstin origjinal mund ta gjeni n\u00eb: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/02\/01\/opinion\/rosa-parks.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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