Nj\u00eb th\u00ebnie e vjet\u00ebr thot\u00eb q\u00eb para arm\u00ebve t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jemi t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. N\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, edhe emergjenca klimatike p\u00ebr nga definicioni \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb universale, nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim unifikues n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e ndajm\u00eb s\u00eb bashku. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, si n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e krizave tjera, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mund t\u00eb jemi duke lundruar n\u00eb detin e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, por n\u00eb varka t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ashtu si me koronavirus, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale n\u00eb komunitetet e etnive t\u00eb zeza, aziatike dhe pakicave (gjithashtu ka ndikuar ekonomikisht tek grat\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se tek burrat), kriza klimatike p\u00ebr disa paraqet probleme m\u00eb urgjente se sa p\u00ebr disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Efektet do t\u00eb ndjehen m\u00eb shum\u00eb e m\u00eb shpejt nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa zgjidhjet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb arritshme p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb larg k\u00ebtyre grupeve t\u00eb cenueshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb vitin 2021, nd\u00ebrsa po i afrohemi \u00e7do dit\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb afatit t\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Parisit t\u00eb vitit 2050 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb bot\u00eb neutrale ndaj klim\u00ebs, ve\u00e7se mund ta shohim q\u00eb grat\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht grat\u00eb e zeza, jan\u00eb duke u ndikuar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti nga efektet e kushteve klimatike. Dhe p\u00ebr disa, marr\u00ebveshja e gjysm\u00ebshekullit do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebs veriore, ndryshimet klimatike nuk kan\u00eb arritur ende t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb populli t\u00eb alarmohet p\u00ebr urgjenc\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebse jemi duke par\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytje lokale si p\u00ebrmbytjet apo stuhit\u00eb n\u00eb vende si Teksasi, situata \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb keq n\u00eb rajonet tjera n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ndryshimet klimatike po ndikojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shifrat nga Kombet e Bashkuara sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb 80% e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak ndryshimeve klimatike jan\u00eb gra. Sipas nj\u00eb rishikimi t\u00eb 130 studimeve nga Global Gender and Climate Alliance n\u00eb vitin 2016, grat\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb vuajn\u00eb p\u00ebr ushqim si pasoj\u00eb e kriz\u00ebs klimatike. Pas ngjarjeve ekstreme t\u00eb motit, grat\u00eb gjithashtu kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb s\u00ebmundje mendore dhe dhun\u00eb nga bashk\u00ebshorti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Profesore Nitya Rao n\u00eb Universitetin e Anglis\u00eb Lindore (UEA), b\u00ebn hulumtime p\u00ebr barazi gjinore n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs dhe Azis\u00eb t\u00eb cilat tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb prekur r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga ndryshimet klimatike. Ajo shpreh\u00eb se n\u00eb shum\u00eb prej zonave rurale ku ajo shtjellon hulumtimet, n\u00eb vende si Nepali dhe India, that\u00ebsirat dhe p\u00ebrmbytjet mund t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb t\u00eb korrat, ku rezultatet e pun\u00ebs bujq\u00ebsore mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paparashikueshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kriza klimatike do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto ngjarje t\u00eb pazakonta t\u00eb motit po b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme duke ndikuar n\u00eb ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet rreziku i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat e familjes, burrat, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, shpesh migrojn\u00eb n\u00eb zona t\u00eb tjera, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zona urbane, larg t\u00eb ardhurave q\u00eb varen nga punimi i tok\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa grat\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesen p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb bujq\u00ebsin\u00eb. N\u00ebse puna n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi nuk ec\u00ebn mir\u00eb, grat\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, thot\u00eb Rao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Ato do t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb ferm\u00ebn e tyre, gjithashtu do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb edhe gj\u00ebra tjera, t\u00eb hapin ndonj\u00eb dyqan t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, ndonj\u00eb lloj nd\u00ebrmarrje ose mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me pag\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb pronar m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb mjaftueshme n\u00eb familje p\u00ebr nevojat e p\u00ebrditshme,\u201d tregon Rao p\u00ebr \u201cThe Independent<\/em> \u201c nga India, ku edhe \u00ebsht\u00eb duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr momentin hulumtimin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ajo m\u00eb tej shpjegon se, megjith\u00ebse burrat shpesh d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb para n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, ky ndryshim i rrethanave i v\u00eb grat\u00eb n\u00eb presion \u201cVe\u00e7an\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs kur burrat nuk jan\u00eb prezent, ata mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb para nj\u00eb, dy apo tre her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, grat\u00eb duhet q\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme, k\u00ebshtu ato p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb duke punuar shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n Efektet e kriz\u00ebs klimatike kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb prodhuese, tashm\u00eb ve\u00e7se \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet i p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb globit, nd\u00ebrsa grat\u00eb n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar nuk kan\u00eb ndjer\u00eb ende pabarazi t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si ato preken nga efektet e kriz\u00ebs klimatike p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr burrave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Profesor Julie Doyle n\u00eb Universitetin e Brighton, puna e t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebrfshin ekzaminimin e rolit t\u00eb medias dhe komunikimit n\u00eb luftimin e ndryshimeve klimatike, thot\u00eb se kjo do t\u00eb manifestohet me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb pandemi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ilustruar se si krizat ndikojn\u00eb ndryshe tek njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dallimeve shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb gjinis\u00eb, rac\u00ebs dhe klas\u00ebs, Doyle thekson se “pabarazia \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Grat\u00eb kan\u00eb mbajtur barr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive p\u00ebr kujdesin, pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe shkollimin n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi (gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb) dhe shumica prej tyre kan\u00eb humbur vendin e pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr burrave”, deklaron ajo p\u00ebr The Independent<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00ebrkimet nga Grupi i Buxhetit t\u00eb Grave (Women\u2019s Budget Group), botuar n\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 2020, zbuluan se gjat\u00eb val\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb COVID rreth 133,000 gra ishin larguar p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht nga puna m\u00eb shum\u00eb se burrat n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, nj\u00eb studim nga Universiteti i Exeter, botuar n\u00eb korrik, zbuloi se grat\u00eb kishin dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb kishin humbur pun\u00ebn gjat\u00eb mbylljes s\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr.Clare Wenham, profesore asistente p\u00ebr politik\u00eb globale sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb LSE, tha p\u00ebr The Independent<\/em> se, gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs, “normat gjinore b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb shprehura”. Ajo p\u00ebrmendi shembuj t\u00eb pandemive duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Covid, Ebola dhe Zika, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat pun\u00ebsimi i grave u cenua n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Doyle thot\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 kemi par\u00eb ndryshimin e rrethanave p\u00ebr grat\u00eb gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa presioni i kriz\u00ebs klimatike rritet, me gjas\u00eb kjo ngjarje do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet. “Nd\u00ebrsa ndryshimet klimatike ndikojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysjet lokale n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, val\u00ebt e t\u00eb nxehtit dhe aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ushqim e burime tjera n\u00eb vendet ku ndryshimet klimatike jan\u00eb duke pasur ndikim shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh, pabarazia po rritet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb, duke na kufizuar aft\u00ebsit\u00eb tona p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur ndikimeve t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nj\u00eb studim i vitit 2010, botuar n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Environmental Health<\/em>, zbuloi se grat\u00eb n\u00eb disa qytete evropiane, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Londr\u00ebn, kan\u00eb gjasa m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb vdesin gjat\u00eb val\u00ebve t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, se sa burrat. Autor\u00ebt e revist\u00ebs sugjeruan q\u00eb arsyet e mundshme mund t\u2019i atribuohen kushteve shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb grave t\u00eb moshuara q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm dhe ndryshimeve fiziologjike, p.sh, ulja e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr djersitje q\u00eb ndikon p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur stresit ndaj nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ka n\u00ebse ka di\u00e7ka q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur ndikimin e ndryshimeve klimatike tek grat\u00eb? Sipas Dolye, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb kriz\u00ebn klimatike ta rendisim si \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d dhe kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb trajtohet qysh nga shkollat fillore. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve kund\u00ebr ngrohjes globale, nuk duhemi q\u00eb ta trajtojm\u00eb \u201cndryshimet klimatike si t\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga barazia gjinore\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo, duke i inkurajuar njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb shohin k\u00ebt\u00eb si \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rao thekson se grat\u00eb jan\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme\u201d dhe po p\u00ebrshtaten mir\u00eb me p\u00ebrballjen ndaj ndryshimeve klimatike, por ato kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb nivelit strukturor, p\u00ebr t\u2019iu ndihmuar me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb ato p\u00ebrballen. \u201cUn\u00eb jam shum\u00eb kund\u00ebr q\u00eb grat\u00eb po b\u00ebhen viktima t\u00eb ndryshimeve klimatike,\u201d thot\u00eb ajo. \u201cAto po tregohen mjaft t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, por ne duhet t\u2019i mb\u00ebshtesim dhe t\u2019ua mund\u00ebsojm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Doyle shton se, p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar ndikimet e klim\u00ebs n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje gjinore, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb gra n\u00eb pushtet. N\u00eb fakt, hulumtimet e b\u00ebra n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti nga Qendra p\u00ebr K\u00ebrkime t\u00eb Politikave Ekonomike dhe Forumi Ekonomik Bot\u00ebror zbuluan se vendet e drejtuara nga grat\u00eb, p\u00ebrjetuan duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb pak vdekje nga COVID 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cGrat\u00eb dhe vajzat, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ato t\u00eb zeza, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb krye t\u00eb vendimmarrjes p\u00ebr ndryshimet klimatike n\u00eb nivelin lokal, rajonal, komb\u00ebtar dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar,” konkludon Doyle. \u201cNdryshimet klimatike nuk duhet t\u00eb diskutohen pa i\u2019u referuar pabarazive gjinore, racore dhe klasore.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lidhja mes pabarazis\u00eb gjinore dhe ndikimeve t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs klimatike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme p\u00ebr ata, jeta e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur nga ngrohja globale. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar thellimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pabarazive gjinore, duhet kuptuar domosdoshm\u00ebrisht marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien komplekse mes ndryshimeve klimatike me strukturat e pushtetit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n