{"id":4099,"date":"2022-04-26T11:20:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T10:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?post_type=lexo-post&p=4099"},"modified":"2022-04-26T11:20:09","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T10:20:09","slug":"shtrigat-perndjekja-e-shtrigave-dhe-grate","status":"publish","type":"lexo-post","link":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/lexo-post\/shtrigat-perndjekja-e-shtrigave-dhe-grate\/","title":{"rendered":"Shtrigat, p\u00ebrndjekja e shtrigave dhe grat\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ky artikull fokusohet n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe historike mbi globalizimin, akumulimin e kapitalit dhe dhun\u00ebn ndaj grave, nga nj\u00eb mendimtare kryesore feministe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke u bazuar n\u00eb diversitetin e formave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb p\u00ebrndjekjes s\u00eb shtrigave n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs deri te rritja masive mbar\u00ebbot\u00ebrore e numrit t\u00eb grave t\u00eb vrara \u00e7do dit\u00eb, provat po shtohen se nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e re po zhvillohet kund\u00ebr grave. Cilat jan\u00eb motivet dhe logjika e saj?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Literatura rreth k\u00ebsaj tematike \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rritje dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar kryesisht nga aktivist\u00eb dhe studiues feminist\u00eb nga Amerika Latine, un\u00eb e trajtoj k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje duke i vendosur format e reja t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst historik dhe duke shqyrtuar ndikimin e zhvillimit kapitalist, n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb tashmen, n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e grave dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet gjinore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, un\u00eb shqyrtoj gjithashtu lidhjen midis formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dhune \u2013 familjare, jasht\u00eb-familjare, institucionale \u2013 dhe strategjit\u00eb  e rezistenc\u00ebs q\u00eb grat\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn po krijojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund dhun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u00eb nga fillimi i l\u00ebvizjes feministe, dhuna ndaj grave ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje ky\u00e7e n\u00eb organizimin feminist, duke frym\u00ebzuar edhe formimin e Gjykat\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Krimet ndaj Grave, e mbajtur n\u00eb Bruksel n\u00eb mars t\u00eb vitit 1976, me pranin\u00eb e grave nga 40 vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, duke sjell\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00ebm\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe sterilizimin e detyruar, p\u00ebrdhunimin, rrahjen, burgosjen n\u00eb spitalet psikiatrike  dhe trajtimin brutal t\u00eb grave n\u00eb burgje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, iniciativat feministe kund\u00ebr dhun\u00ebs jan\u00eb shum\u00ebfishuar, si dhe ligjet e miratuara nga qeverit\u00eb n\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e Konferencave Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Grat\u00eb. Por, dhuna ndaj grave nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar, ajo  \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzuar n\u00eb \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, deri n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb feminist\u00ebt e p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb tani form\u00ebn e saj vdekjeprur\u00ebse si “femicid”. Jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb dhuna, e matur n\u00eb numrin e grave t\u00eb vrara dhe t\u00eb dhunuara, q\u00eb ka vazhduar t\u00eb rritet, por si\u00e7 kan\u00eb treguar shkrimtaret feministe, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb publike dhe m\u00eb brutale dhe po merr forma q\u00eb dikur mund t\u2019i shihnim vet\u00ebm n\u00eb koh\u00eb lufte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cilat jan\u00eb forcat shtyt\u00ebse t\u00eb k\u00ebtij zhvillimi dhe \u00e7far\u00eb na tregon kjo p\u00ebr transformimet q\u00eb po ndodhin n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale dhe pozit\u00ebn sociale t\u00eb gruas? P\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto  pyetje kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, por provat po shtohen se shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj rritje t\u00eb re t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs jan\u00eb format e reja t\u00eb akumulimit t\u00eb kapitalit, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb shpron\u00ebsimin e tok\u00ebs, shkat\u00ebrrimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve komunitare dhe intensifikimin e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe trupit t\u00eb grave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, dhuna e re ndaj grave i ka rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt n\u00eb tendencat strukturore q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs t\u00eb zhvillimit kapitalist dhe pushtetit shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fillet e kapitalizmit dhe dhuna ndaj grave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zhvillimi kapitalist filloi me luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr grave: p\u00ebrndjekja e shtrigave p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shekujve XVI dhe XVII n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Bot\u00ebn e Re \u00e7uan n\u00eb vdekjen e mij\u00ebra grave. Si\u00e7 shkrova edhe n\u00eb \u201cCaliban and the Witch (2004)\u201d, ky fenomen historikisht i paprecedent\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb element qendror i procesit q\u00eb Karl Marksi e p\u00ebrcaktoi si akumulim primitiv, sepse shkat\u00ebrroi nj\u00eb univers subjektesh dhe praktikash fem\u00ebrore q\u00eb q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave kryesore t\u00eb sistemit kapitalist n\u00eb zhvillim: akumulimi i fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore masive dhe imponimi i nj\u00eb disipline shtyp\u00ebse  t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em\u00ebrtimi dhe persekutimi i grave si “shtriga” hapi rrug\u00ebn drejt mbylljes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e pun\u00ebve t\u00eb papaguara t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Kjo legjitimonte n\u00ebnshtrimin e tyre ndaj burrave brenda dhe jasht\u00eb familjes. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb i dha shtetit kontroll mbi kapacitetin e tyre riprodhues, duke garantuar krijimin e brezave t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebrndjekja e shtrigave nd\u00ebrtoi nj\u00eb rend ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kapitalist, patriarkal q\u00eb vazhdon edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, megjith\u00ebse ka ndryshuar vazhdimisht n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeve t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb grave dhe nevojave n\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga torturat dhe ekzekutimet t\u00eb cilave u n\u00ebnshtroheshin grat\u00eb e akuzuara p\u00ebr magji, grat\u00eb e tjera shpejt m\u00ebsuan se do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb bindeshin dhe t\u00eb heshtnin  dhe do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb pranonin pun\u00ebn e r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe abuzimet e burrave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb pranoheshin nga shoq\u00ebria. Deri n\u00eb shekullin e XVIII, ekzistonte \u201cfreri i qortimit\u201d p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kund\u00ebrpergjigjeshin , ky ishte nj\u00eb mjet prej metali dhe  l\u00ebkure q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu p\u00ebr t’u mbyllur goj\u00ebn  skllev\u00ebrve, duke u\u2019a mbyllur kok\u00ebn dhe  n\u00ebse ajo p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb fliste, i \u00e7ante gjuh\u00ebn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Format gjinore t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs u kryen gjithashtu n\u00eb plantacionet amerikane ku, n\u00eb shekullin XVIII, sulmet seksuale t\u00eb pronar\u00ebve ndaj grave skllave ishin kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb sistematike p\u00ebrdhunimi, pasi ata q\u00eb mbjellnin tok\u00ebn  u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsonin importimin e skllev\u00ebrve nga Afrika me nj\u00eb industri lokale t\u00eb llojit  me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Virxhinia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Normalizimi i dhun\u00ebs ndaj grave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhuna ndaj grave nuk u zhduk me fundin e p\u00ebrndjekjes s\u00eb shtrigave dhe heqjen e skllav\u00ebris\u00eb. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ajo u normalizua. N\u00eb vitet 1920 dhe 1930, n\u00eb kulmin e l\u00ebvizjes eugjenike, “promiskuiteti seksual” fem\u00ebror, i portretizuar si mendjeleht\u00ebsi, u nd\u00ebshkua p\u00ebrmes institucionalizimit t\u00eb spitaleve psikiatrike ose sterilizimit. Sterilizimi i grave me ngjyr\u00eb, grave t\u00eb varfra dhe grave q\u00eb praktikonin seksualitetin e tyre jasht\u00eb martes\u00ebs vazhdoi deri n\u00eb vitet 1960, “duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb forma m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb lindjes n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara”, sipas studiueses Dorothy Roberts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitet 1950, dhuna ndaj grave p\u00ebrfshinte p\u00ebrdorimin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb lobotomis\u00eb si nj\u00eb kur\u00eb p\u00ebr depresionin, ky lloj operacioni konsiderohej ideal p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e destinuara p\u00ebr pun\u00eb sht\u00ebpiake, pra p\u00ebr pun\u00eb q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e trurit.  M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, si\u00e7 ka theksuar Giovanna Franca Dalla Costa n\u00eb Un lavoro d’amore (The Work of Love, 1978), dhuna ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e pranishme si nj\u00eb n\u00ebntekst, nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi, n\u00eb familjen b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, sepse burrave, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pagave t\u00eb tyre, u \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb fuqia p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrur pun\u00ebn e papaguar t\u00eb grave n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, p\u00ebr t’i p\u00ebrdorur grat\u00eb si sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtore t\u00eb tyre dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i nd\u00ebshkuar n\u00ebse ato e refuzojn\u00eb  k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse dhuna n\u00eb familje nga burrat deri von\u00eb nuk konsiderohej krim. Paralelisht me legjitimimin nga shteti mbi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn  e prind\u00ebrve p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkuar f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre si pjes\u00eb e trajnimit t\u00eb tyre si pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, dhuna n\u00eb familje ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb toleruar nga gjykatat dhe policia si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje legjitime ndaj mosp\u00ebrmbushjes s\u00eb detyrave t\u00eb tyre sht\u00ebpiake nga ana e grave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzimi i dhun\u00ebs ndaj grave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrderisa  dhuna ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb normalizuar si nj\u00eb aspekt strukturor i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve familjare dhe gjinore, ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar gjat\u00eb disa dekadave t\u00eb fundit tejkalon normat. Shembull \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti i vrasjeve t\u00eb Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, nj\u00eb qytet p\u00ebrtej kufirit meksikan nga El Paso, Teksas, ku n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit qindra gra jan\u00eb zhdukur, trupat e tyre t\u00eb torturuar shpesh gjenden t\u00eb braktisur n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira publike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i izoluar. Rr\u00ebmbimet dhe vrasjet e grave jan\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet i p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine, duke ngjallur kujtime t\u00eb “luft\u00ebrave t\u00eb pista” q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1980 gjakos\u00ebn shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb rajonit. Kjo p\u00ebr shkak se klasa kapitaliste \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur t\u00eb kthej\u00eb bot\u00ebn me kok\u00eb posht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb konsoliduar fuqin\u00eb e saj, e cila u minua n\u00eb vitet 1960 dhe 1970 nga betejat anti-koloniale, feministe dhe anti-aparteid, si l\u00ebvizja Black Power . Kjo b\u00ebhet duke sulmuar mjetet e riprodhimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve dhe duke vendosur nj\u00eb regjim t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm lufte .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne jemi d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzimi t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs ndaj grave, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht grave pasardh\u00ebse afrikane dhe atyre amerikane vendase, sepse “globalizimi” \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces rikolonizimi politik q\u00eb synon t’i jap\u00eb kapitalit kontroll t\u00eb pakontestuesh\u00ebm mbi pasurin\u00eb natyrore bot\u00ebrore dhe pun\u00ebn njer\u00ebzore dhe kjo nuk mund t\u00eb arrihet pa i sulmuar grat\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr riprodhimin e komuniteteve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u habitur q\u00eb dhuna kund\u00ebr grave ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb intensive n\u00eb k\u00ebto pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs (Afrika Sub-Sahariane, Amerika Latine, Azia Juglindore) q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura sa i p\u00ebrket burimeve  natyrore dhe tani jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarrje tregtare dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat lufta antikoloniale ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb e fort\u00eb. Brutalizimi i grave i hap rrug\u00ebn rr\u00ebmbimeve t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, privatizimeve dhe luft\u00ebrave q\u00eb p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb kan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar rajone t\u00eb t\u00ebra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Mizoria pedagogjike<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brutaliteti i sulmeve t\u00eb kryera ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh aq ekstrem sa duket se ato nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb q\u00ebllim utilitar. N\u00eb lidhje me torturat e ushtruara mbi trupat e grave nga organizatat paraushtarake q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine, Rita Laura Segato ka folur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u201cdhun\u00eb ekspresive\u201d dhe \u201cmizori pedagogjike\u201d, duke argumentuar se objektivi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb terrorizojn\u00eb, t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb nuk ka m\u00ebshir\u00eb, s\u00eb pari p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe pastaj, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tyre, p\u00ebr popullata t\u00eb t\u00ebra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke spastruar territore t\u00eb m\u00ebdha nga banor\u00ebt e tyre, duke i detyruar njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb,  fushat dhe tokat e tyre st\u00ebrgjyshore, dhuna ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore e operacioneve t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb minierave dhe naft\u00ebs q\u00eb sot po zhvendosin shum\u00eb fshatra n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00ebn Latine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb ana tjet\u00ebr e mandateve t\u00eb institucioneve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, si Banka Bot\u00ebrore dhe Kombet e Bashkuara, q\u00eb form\u00ebsojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn ekonomike globale dhe vendosin kodet minerare, t\u00eb cilat  jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr kushtet neokoloniale n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat korporatat operojn\u00eb n\u00eb terren. Ne duhet t\u00eb drejtohemi pik\u00ebrisht  tek zyrat e tyre dhe planet e tyre t\u00eb zhvillimit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb logjik\u00ebn sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs milicit\u00eb n\u00eb fushat e diamantit, koltanit dhe bakrit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Demokratike t\u00eb Kongos q\u00ebllojn\u00eb grat\u00eb me pistoletat e tyre n\u00eb organin gjenital, ose si ushtar\u00ebt guatemalan\u00eb u kan\u00eb \u00e7ar\u00eb barkun grave shtatz\u00ebna me thika, n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb portretizohet si nj\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr kryengritjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segato ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Nj\u00eb dhun\u00eb e till\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shfaqet nga jeta e p\u00ebrditshme e asnj\u00eb komuniteti. \u00cbsht\u00eb \u201cdhun\u00eb manuale\u201d. Ajo duhet t\u00eb planifikohet, llogaritet dhe kryhet me garancin\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb mosnd\u00ebshkimit, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si kompanit\u00eb minerare sot ndotin tokat, lumenjt\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrrenjt\u00eb me kimikate vdekjeprur\u00ebse pa u nd\u00ebshkuar totalisht, nd\u00ebrsa njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb nga k\u00ebto burime burgosen nga rojet e siguris\u00eb n\u00ebse ata  rezistojn\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht se cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb autor\u00ebt e menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm, vet\u00ebm shtetet dhe agjencit\u00eb e fuqishme mund t’i japin drit\u00ebn jeshile nj\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimi t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb fajtor\u00ebt t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebshkohen  kurr\u00eb .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb theksohet se dhuna ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb element ky\u00e7 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb re globale, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tmerrit q\u00eb ngjall ose mesazheve q\u00eb ajo d\u00ebrgon, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb grat\u00eb n\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur komunitetet e tyre t\u00eb bashkuara dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur konceptet jokomerciale t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe pasuris\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb dhe Indi,, deri von\u00eb, grat\u00eb kishin qasje n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt dhe i kushtonin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb dit\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre  pun\u00ebs bujq\u00ebsore  p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar. Por si pron\u00ebsia e tok\u00ebs komunale, ashtu edhe bujq\u00ebsia e jetes\u00ebs jan\u00eb n\u00ebn sulm t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb institucional, t\u00eb kritikuar nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore si nj\u00eb nga shkaqet e varf\u00ebris\u00eb globale n\u00ebn supozimin se toka \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb “aset i vdekur” n\u00ebse nuk regjistrohet ligj\u00ebrisht dhe p\u00ebrdoret si kolateral p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kredi bankare me t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb fillonte ndonj\u00eb aktivitet sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb realitet, fal\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t’i mbijetojn\u00eb programeve brutale t\u00eb kursimeve. Por kritikat si ajo e Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura si\u00e7 jan\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb takimesh me autoritetet qeveritare dhe drejtuesit lokal\u00eb, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme si n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb Indi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb grat\u00eb jan\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb heqin dor\u00eb nga prodhimi dhe t\u00eb punojn\u00eb si ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb burrave t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb prodhimin e mallrave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Rikthimi i p\u00ebrndjkejes s\u00eb shtrigave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re edhe nga studiuesja gjermane Maria Mies, kjo var\u00ebsi e detyruar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00ebnyrat specifike n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat grat\u00eb n\u00eb zonat rurale po “integrohen n\u00eb zhvillim” q\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i dhunsh\u00ebm. Jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb “garantohet nga dhuna e natyrshme n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet patriarkale burr\u00eb-grua”, ajo gjithashtu zhvler\u00ebson grat\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb burrat e komuniteteve t\u00eb tyre t’i shohin ato (sidomos kur jan\u00eb t\u00eb moshuara) si qenie t\u00eb padobishme, pasurit\u00eb dhe puna e t\u00eb cilave pa dyshim q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsohen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ndryshimet n\u00eb ligjet dhe normat e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tok\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb konceptin e asaj q\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet burim vlere duket se n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb  nj\u00eb fenomen q\u00eb ka prodhuar shum\u00eb mjerim p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb nga vitet 1990, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb dhe Indi: kthimi i p\u00ebrndjkjes s\u00eb shtrigave. Shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb ringjalljen e p\u00ebrndjekjes s\u00eb shtrigave, mes tyre shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e solidaritetit komunal, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb varf\u00ebrimit dhe asgj\u00ebsimit nga SIDA dhe s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb ku kequshqyerja \u00ebsht\u00eb e shfrenuar dhe sistemet e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jan\u00eb shembur. Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm jan\u00eb p\u00ebrhapja e sekteve ungjillore neo-kalviniste q\u00eb predikojn\u00eb se varf\u00ebria shkaktohet nga t\u00eb metat personale ose nga veprimet e liga t\u00eb shtrigave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se akuzat p\u00ebr magji jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta n\u00eb zonat e p\u00ebrcaktuara p\u00ebr projekte komerciale ose ku proceset e privatizimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs jan\u00eb duke u zhvilluar (si n\u00eb komunitetet etnike t\u00eb Indis\u00eb) dhe kur t\u00eb akuzuarit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb tok\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb konfiskohet. N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, viktimat jan\u00eb gra t\u00eb moshuara q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb toke, nd\u00ebrsa akuzuesit jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb komuniteteve t\u00eb tyre, apo edhe t\u00eb familjeve t\u00eb tyre, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb papun\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i shohin k\u00ebto gra t\u00eb moshuara si uzurpuese t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb duhet t’i p\u00ebrkas\u00eb atyre dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb manipulohen nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb mbeten n\u00eb hije, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb lider\u00ebt lokal\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shpesh komplotojn\u00eb me interesa biznesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forma t\u00eb reja t\u00eb akumulimit t\u00eb kapitalit dhe dhun\u00ebs ndaj grave<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat format e reja t\u00eb akumulimit t\u00eb kapitalit nxisin dhun\u00ebn ndaj grave. Papun\u00ebsia, puna e pasigurt dhe r\u00ebnia e pag\u00ebs familjare jan\u00eb ky\u00e7e. T\u00eb privuar nga t\u00eb ardhurat, burrat shfryjn\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjimet e tyre mbi grat\u00eb n\u00eb familjet e tyre ose p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb rikthejn\u00eb parat\u00eb e humbura dhe fuqin\u00eb sociale duke shfryt\u00ebzuar trupin dhe pun\u00ebn e grave. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti me “vrasjet me prik\u00eb” n\u00eb Indi, ku burrat e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme vrasin grat\u00eb e tyre n\u00ebse nuk sjellin pasuri t\u00eb mjaftueshme me vete p\u00ebr t’u martuar me nj\u00eb grua tjet\u00ebr dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb prik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb trafikimi seksual, nj\u00eb element ky\u00e7 n\u00eb zgjerimin e industris\u00eb s\u00eb seksit q\u00eb drejtohet kryesisht nga organizata kriminale dhe burra t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb imponuar pun\u00ebn e skllev\u00ebrve “n\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr”, sipas Mies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebtu, mikropolitika individuale imiton dhe bashkohet me makropolitik\u00ebn institucionale. P\u00ebr kapitalin, si dhe p\u00ebr burrat q\u00eb gjenden  n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb, vlera e grave q\u00ebndron gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb paguhet pakduke shitur pun\u00ebn dhe trupin e tyre  n\u00eb treg, sesa n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguara t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetej nga nj\u00eb pag\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme nga burri , di\u00e7ka q\u00eb kapitalizmi bashk\u00ebkohor \u00ebsht\u00eb i vendosur ta heq\u00eb gradualisht, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb kufizuar t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Puna e gruas n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe si prodhuese e gjeneratave t\u00eb reja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pranim shoq\u00ebror. P\u00ebrkundrazi, shtatz\u00ebnia \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh nj\u00eb detyrim, duke rritur ndjesh\u00ebm cenueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e grave ndaj dhun\u00ebs, pasi burrat nuk e pranojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb ajo sjell. K\u00ebshtu, ekonomia politike e sapokrijuar nxit\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie m\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme familjare, pasi grat\u00eb pritet t\u00eb mos varen nga burrat dhe t\u00eb sjellin para n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, por m\u00eb pas abuzohen n\u00ebse nuk p\u00ebrmbushin detyrat e tyre sht\u00ebpiake ose k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pushtet n\u00eb njohjen e kontributeve t\u00eb tyre monetare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Nevoja e grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb emigruar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar pun\u00ebn e tyre riprodhuese n\u00eb rrug\u00eb (si shit\u00ebse, tregtare, pun\u00ebtore seksi) p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur familjet e tyre gjithashtu shkakton forma t\u00eb reja t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs ndaj tyre. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha provat tregojn\u00eb se integrimi i grave n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i dhunsh\u00ebm. Grat\u00eb emigrante nga Amerika Latine dihet se marrin kontraceptiv\u00eb, duke pritur q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdhunohen nga policia kufitare tashm\u00eb e militarizuar. Shit\u00ebsit n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrleshen me policin\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen  t’u konfiskojn\u00eb mallrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Si\u00e7 ka v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje sociologia Jules Falquet, nd\u00ebrsa grat\u00eb kalojn\u00eb nga sh\u00ebrbimi i nj\u00eb burri n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e shum\u00eb burrave (gatim, pastrim, ofrim sh\u00ebrbimesh seksuale), format tradicionale t\u00eb vet\u00ebp\u00ebrmbajtjes prishen, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb grat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prekshme ndaj abuzimit. Dhuna individuale e burrave \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj k\u00ebrkesave k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebse t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr autonomi dhe pavar\u00ebsi ekonomike dhe nj\u00eb reagim kund\u00ebr rritjes s\u00eb feminizmit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb lloji i dhun\u00ebs q\u00eb shp\u00ebrtheu n\u00eb masakr\u00ebn e \u00c9cole Polytechnique n\u00eb Montreal m\u00eb 6 dhjetor 1989, kur nj\u00eb burr\u00eb hyri n\u00eb nj\u00eb klas\u00eb, ndau burrat dhe grat\u00eb dhe u\u2019a vuri flak\u00ebn  duke b\u00ebrtitur, “Ju t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jeni feministe t\u00eb ndyra”, duke vrar\u00eb k\u00ebshtu 14 gra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Dhuna racore<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mizogjinia p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet edhe nga racizmi. N\u00eb SHBA, ku q\u00eb nga vitet 1980, vrasjet e grave jan\u00eb rritur vazhdimisht, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 3000 gra t\u00eb vrara \u00e7do vit, vrasjet e grave me ngjyr\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb marrin v\u00ebmendjen e medias ose t\u00eb zgjidhen sesa vrasjet e grave t\u00eb bardha. \u2013 shikoni ritmin ehetimeve p\u00ebr vrasjet serike t\u00eb grave afrikano-amerikane me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta n\u00eb Los Angeles dhe qytete t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transfobia, gjithashtu, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn mizogjini. Midis 2010 dhe 2016, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 111 persona transgjinor\u00eb dhe gjinia jokonformuse u vran\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA, shumica e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishin gra trans zezake. Sipas Koalicionit Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Programeve Kund\u00ebr Dhun\u00ebs, 23 nga k\u00ebto vrasje kan\u00eb ndodhur n\u00eb vitin 2016, shifra m\u00eb e lart\u00eb e regjistruar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nga koalicioni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Kanada, gjithashtu, dhuna racore ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb rritje. Dhjetra gra, kryesisht amerikane vendase jan\u00eb zhdukur dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb jan\u00eb gjetur t\u00eb vdekura p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb asaj q\u00eb tani quhet Autostrada e Lot\u00ebve (Highway of Tears).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebto forma t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs jan\u00eb padyshim t\u00eb ndryshme nga ato t\u00eb ushtruara ndaj grave nga paraushtarak\u00ebt, t\u00eb droguarit dhe ushtrit\u00eb private t\u00eb kompanive ose rojet e siguris\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura. Si\u00e7 kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje Sheila Meintjes, Anu Pillay dhe Meredeth Turshen, ajo q\u00eb lidh dhun\u00ebn n\u00eb koh\u00eb lufte dhe paqeje \u00ebsht\u00eb mohimi i autonomis\u00eb s\u00eb grave, e cila nga ana tjet\u00ebr lidhet me kontrollin seksual dhe shp\u00ebrndarjene burimeve. Mies ka v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje gjithashtu se “n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie prodhimi, t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb dhun\u00eb dhe detyrim, ne mund t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgojm\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim midis burrave (baballar\u00ebve, v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve, burrave, tutor\u00ebve, djemve), familjes patriarkale, shtetit dhe nd\u00ebrmarrjeve kapitaliste”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhuna n\u00eb familje dhe ajo publike, si dhuna ushtarake ose paraushtarake dhe p\u00ebrndjekja  e shtrigave, gjithashtu ushqejn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Shpesh, grat\u00eb nuk i denoncojn\u00eb abuzimet q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nga frika se mos refuzohen nga familjet e tyre ose do t’i n\u00ebnshtrohen dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, toleranca institucionale ndaj dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb familje krijon nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb mosnd\u00ebshkimi q\u00eb kontribuon n\u00eb normalizimin e dhun\u00ebs publike t\u00eb ushtruar ndaj grave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, dhuna ndaj grave \u00ebsht\u00eb dhun\u00eb fizike. Por nuk duhet t\u00eb injorojm\u00eb dhun\u00ebn e ushtruar nga politika ekonomike dhe sociale dhe tregtimi i riprodhimit. Varf\u00ebria q\u00eb rezulton nga shkurtimet n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien, pun\u00ebsimin dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sociale duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet n\u00eb vetvete nj\u00eb form\u00eb dhune, dhe po k\u00ebshtu duhet t\u00eb konsiderohen kushtet \u00e7njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, si\u00e7 gjenden p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb maquilas<\/strong> (kompani q\u00eb i lejon fabrikat t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb pa taksa dhe tarifa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Militarizimi i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mungesa e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, mohimi i aborteve, aborti i fetuseve femra, sterilizimi i grave n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, Indi dhe Amerik\u00ebn Latine n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb “kontrollit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb”, dhe jo m\u00eb pak “mikrokredi” – aq shpesh duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb katastrof\u00eb p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb kredit\u00eb \u2013 edhe k\u00ebto jan\u00eb forma skandaloze dhune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebsaj duhet t’i shtojm\u00eb edhe militarizimin n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme, me glorifikimin e tij shoq\u00ebrues t\u00eb modeleve agresive, mizogjene t\u00eb maskulinitetit. Si\u00e7 ka argumentuar Falquet, p\u00ebrhapja e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb armatosur dhe zhvillimi i nj\u00eb ndarjeje t\u00eb re seksuale t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, ku shumica e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapura p\u00ebr burrat (si roje private sht\u00ebpiake, roje sigurie komerciale, roje burgu, an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb bandave dhe mafioz\u00ebve dhe ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt ose ushtrit\u00eb private) k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhun\u00eb, luan nj\u00eb rol qendror n\u00eb fark\u00ebtimin e maskuliniteteve gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb toksike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statistikat tregojn\u00eb se ata q\u00eb vrasin shpesh jan\u00eb burra q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur dhe kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb arm\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t’i zgjidhin konfliktet me dhun\u00eb. N\u00eb SHBA, ata jan\u00eb shpesh polic\u00eb ose veteran\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebrave n\u00eb Irak ose Afganistan. Niveli i lart\u00eb i dhun\u00ebs ndaj grave n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb amerikane ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor kyq. Si\u00e7 vuri n\u00eb dukje Frantz Fanon, duke iu referuar francez\u00ebve, detyra e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishte t\u00eb torturonin rebel\u00ebt algjerian\u00eb, dhuna \u00ebsht\u00eb e pandashme: nuk mund ta praktikoni at\u00eb si profesionin tuaj t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm pa zhvilluar tipare t\u00eb dhunshme t\u00eb karakterit dhe pa e \u00e7uar at\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebrtimi mediatik dhe p\u00ebrhapja e modeleve t\u00eb feminitetit t\u00eb hiperseksualizuar e ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb thirrje t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr sulme seksuale dhe duke kontribuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb mizogjene n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn aspiratat e grave p\u00ebr autonomi degradohen dhe reduktohen n\u00eb statusin e provokimit seksual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezistenca<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke pasur parasysh p\u00ebrhapjen e dhun\u00ebs me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrballen grat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se rezistenca ndaj saj duhet t\u00eb organizohet edhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb fronte. Mobilizimet tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb duke u zhvilluar, duke shmangur gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjidhje pa rrug\u00ebdalje, t\u00eb tilla si k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr legjislacion m\u00eb nd\u00ebshkues, i cili sh\u00ebrben vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t’u dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pushtet autoriteteve q\u00eb jan\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt ose indirekt p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr problemin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategjit\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb efektive  kur grat\u00eb i hartojn\u00eb ato. . Taktikat ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb suksesshme jan\u00eb hapja e strehimoreve t\u00eb kontrolluara jo nga autoritetet, por nga grat\u00eb q\u00eb i udh\u00ebheqin ato, organizimi i klasave t\u00eb vet\u00ebmbrojtjes dhe nd\u00ebrtimi i demonstratave gjer\u00ebsisht gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse si marshet Take Back the Night q\u00eb filluan n\u00eb vitet 1970, ose marshet e organizuara nga grat\u00eb n\u00eb Indi kund\u00ebr p\u00ebrdhunimeve dhe vrasjeve me prik\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat shpesh \u00e7uan n\u00eb rrethana ku gjendeshe  n\u00eb lagjet e autor\u00ebve t\u00eb krimit  ose p\u00ebrpara stacioneve policore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vitet e fundit kemi par\u00eb gjithashtu rritjen e fushatave kund\u00ebr p\u00ebrndjekjes s\u00eb shtrigave si n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb Indi, me gra dhe burra q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb nga fshati n\u00eb fshat, duke edukuar njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebr shkaqet e s\u00ebmundjes dhe interesat q\u00eb motivojn\u00eb burrat q\u00eb jan\u00eb sh\u00ebrues tradicional\u00eb , udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit lokal\u00eb, dhe akuzues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb shpesht\u00eb. N\u00eb disa zona t\u00eb Guatemal\u00ebs, grat\u00eb kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb marrin emrat e ushtar\u00ebve abuzues dhe m\u00eb pas t’i ekspozojn\u00eb n\u00eb fshatrat e tyre t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs. N\u00eb secilin rast, vendimi i grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb thyer izolimin e tyre dhe p\u00ebr t’u bashkuar me grat\u00eb e tjera ka qen\u00eb jetik p\u00ebr suksesin e k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrpjekjeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por k\u00ebto strategji nuk mund t\u00eb sjellin ndryshime t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00ebse nuk shoq\u00ebrohen nga nj\u00eb proces i rivler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pozit\u00ebs s\u00eb grave dhe aktiviteteve riprodhuese q\u00eb ato kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb familjet dhe komunitetet e tyre. Kjo nuk mund t\u00eb arrihet n\u00ebse grat\u00eb nuk kane burimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura nga burrat, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos detyrohen, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs, t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb kushte t\u00eb rrezikshme dhe shfryt\u00ebzuese t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve familjare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E p\u00ebrktheu: Ardhm\u00ebrie Thaqi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekstin origjinal mund ta gjeni n\u00eb:\u00a0https:\/\/www.newframe.com\/witches-witch-hunting-and-women\/ <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":4100,"template":"","class_list":["post-4099","lexo-post","type-lexo-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nShtrigat, p\u00ebrndjekja e shtrigave dhe grat\u00eb - QIKA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/shtrigat-perndjekja-e-shtrigave-dhe-grate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shtrigat, p\u00ebrndjekja e shtrigave dhe grat\u00eb - QIKA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ky artikull fokusohet n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe historike mbi globalizimin, akumulimin e kapitalit dhe dhun\u00ebn ndaj grave, nga nj\u00eb mendimtare kryesore feministe. 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