Legjislacioni Roe kund\u00ebr Wade \u00ebsht\u00eb i sigurt q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyset, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u2019a b\u00ebj\u00eb abortin t\u00eb paligjsh\u00ebm n\u00eb gati gjysm\u00ebn e shteteve t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb. N\u00ebse kjo gj\u00eb ndodh, faktet historike tregojn\u00eb se jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb kjo do t\u00eb prek\u00eb grat\u00eb personalisht, por do t\u00eb rrezikoj\u00eb edhe jet\u00ebn e tyre profesionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ky vendim, nj\u00eb draft i t\u00eb cilit u zbulua n\u00eb Politico n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij muaji, ndikon n\u00eb gjasat e nj\u00eb gruaje p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, \u00e7far\u00eb lloj pune ka, sa para fiton, madje edhe \u00ebndrrat e shpresat q\u00eb i ka p\u00ebr vete. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, karriera e nj\u00eb gruaje ndikon pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha aspektet e tjera t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, duke filluar nga gjasat e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb varf\u00ebri e deri te m\u00ebnyra se si ajo e sheh veten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Andaj, kriminalizimi i abortit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbys\u00eb progresin q\u00eb grat\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr dekada n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ka efekte t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr rolin e gruas n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Caitlin Myers, nj\u00eb profesore e ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Kolegjin Middlebury, \u2018\u2019Lindja e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb vendimi i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ekonomik q\u00eb shumica e grave marrin\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ne e dim\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb hulumtimeve t\u00eb ndryshme se si ndalimet e abortit i d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb grat\u00eb \u2013 nj\u00eb hulumtim ky q\u00eb Myers, s\u00eb bashku me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 150 ekonomist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrshkroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje miq\u00ebsore p\u00ebr Gjykat\u00ebn e Lart\u00eb n\u00eb Dobbs kund\u00ebr Jackson Organizat\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb Grave, rasting e Misisisipit, q\u00eb me shum\u00eb gjasa do t\u2019a p\u00ebrmbys\u00eb Roe kund\u00ebr Wade. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 studimeve afatgjata q\u00eb shikojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb specifike rezultatet e grave t\u00eb cilat nuk ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb abort kundrejt atyre q\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb, ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb forta rreth efekteve negative shkak\u00ebsore\/kauzale t\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve tek grat\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cKushdo q\u00eb ka pasur f\u00ebmij\u00eb ose ka menduar seriozisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur f\u00ebmij\u00eb, e di se \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e kushtueshme p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs dhe parave,\u201d tha Lindo, nj\u00eb profesor i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Teksasit. \u201cPra, sigurisht, kufizimet q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb ose t\u00eb rrisin numrin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb, do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb seriozisht n\u00eb karrier\u00ebn e tyre dhe rrethanat e tyre ekonomike.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Edhe pse mungon ndalimi komb\u00ebtar, masat shtet\u00ebrore kund\u00ebr abortit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb barr\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Instituti p\u00ebr K\u00ebrkimin e Politikave t\u00eb Grave (IKPG) vler\u00ebsoi se kufizimet n\u00eb nivel shtet\u00ebror u kan\u00eb kushtuar ekonomive 105 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit n\u00eb uljen e pjes\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, uljen e t\u00eb ardhurave, rritjen e qarkullimit dhe pushimin e grave n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb pune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ndalimi i abortit nuk do t\u2019i prek\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Myers thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rajonet e vendit ku aborti \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndaluar dhe ku distancat e udh\u00ebtimit do t\u00eb rriten p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb abortojn\u00eb, rreth tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat e grave q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb abortojn\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se af\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta e grave atje \u2013 sipas Myers, \u201cgrat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra, m\u00eb t\u00eb cenueshme, m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura\/brishta financiarisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb Deep South dhe Midwest\u201d \u2013 nuk do t\u00eb marrin sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebrderisa SHBA p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, vendimi i pritsh\u00ebm i Gjykat\u00ebs s\u00eb Lart\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb situat\u00ebn dhe me shum\u00eb gjasa do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e grave n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore p\u00ebr vitet me radh\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1) Pjes\u00ebmarrja e grave n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore mund t\u00eb ulet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E drejta p\u00ebr abort \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb kryesore q\u00eb ka nxitur pjes\u00ebmarrjen e grave n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. N\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar, normat e pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore jan\u00eb rritur nga rreth 40% p\u00ebrpara se Roe kund\u00ebr Wade t\u00eb miratohej n\u00eb 1973, n\u00eb gati 60% p\u00ebrpara pandemis\u00eb (pjes\u00ebmarrja e burrave ishte gati 70% n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb). Ndalimet e abortit mund t\u00eb pengojn\u00eb apo edhe t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb disa prej k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrfitimeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Studimi Turnaway, profesorja e Universitetit t\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb n\u00eb San Francisko, Diana Greene Foster dhe studiuesit e tjer\u00eb zbuluan se gjasht\u00eb muaj pasi atyre iu mohua nj\u00eb abort, grat\u00eb kishin m\u00eb pak gjasa p\u00ebr t’u pun\u00ebsuar me koh\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me ato q\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb abort. Ky ndryshim mbeti i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr kat\u00ebr vjet pasi k\u00ebtyre grave iu mohua aborti, nj\u00eb hendek q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb perspektivat e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2) Nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt arsimor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Normat e arsimimit jan\u00eb themelore p\u00ebr perspektivat e karrier\u00ebs dhe pag\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb studim i vitit 1996 nga Joshua Angrist dhe William Evans shqyrtoi shtetet q\u00eb liberalizuan ligjet e abortit p\u00ebrpara Roe kund\u00ebr Wade dhe zbuloi se e drejta e abortit \u00e7on n\u00eb norma m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb arsim dhe n\u00eb rezultate n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs. Profesorja e ekonomis\u00eb e Universitetit Amerikan, Kelly Jones, p\u00ebrdori t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e rregullores shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb abortit p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se e drejta ligjore e abortit p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e reja q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb, rriti arritjet e tyre arsimore p\u00ebr gati nj\u00eb vit dhe gjasat e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar kolegjin me rreth 20 pik\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjeje. Provat drejtohen\/jan\u00eb t\u00eb shtyra kryesisht nga ndikimet tek grat\u00eb e reja t\u00eb zeza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hulumtime t\u00eb tjera nga Jones dhe Mayra Pineda-Torres zbuluan se ekspozimi i thjesht\u00eb ndaj kufizimeve t\u00eb synuara p\u00ebr ofruesit e abortit, ose ligjet e TRAP-it, reduktuan gjasat e adoleshent\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb zinj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur ose p\u00ebrfunduar kolegjin. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, arsimi i ul\u00ebt ndikon p\u00ebr cilat pun\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuara grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3) Llojet e pun\u00ebve q\u00eb grat\u00eb marrin do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00eb kesh f\u00ebmij\u00eb ndikon ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb llojet e pun\u00ebve q\u00eb marrin grat\u00eb, shpesh duke i drejtuar ato drejt pun\u00ebve me koh\u00eb t\u00eb pjesshme ose n\u00eb profesione me pag\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. P\u00ebrderisa nj\u00eb ndalim m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb i abortit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb horizont\/ardhje e sip\u00ebr, shum\u00eb shtete kan\u00eb miratuar tashm\u00eb ligje t\u00eb TRAP-it q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb kryerjen e nj\u00eb aborti. Ky legjislacion ka ofruar gjithashtu nj\u00eb eksperiment t\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr studiues si Kate Bahn, krye-ekonomiste n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn k\u00ebrkimore jofitimprur\u00ebse t\u00eb Uashingtonit p\u00ebr Rritje t\u00eb Barabarta, e cila zbuloi se grat\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto shtete kishin m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb kalonin n\u00eb profesione m\u00eb t\u00eb paguara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cNe dim\u00eb shum\u00eb nga k\u00ebrkimet e m\u00ebparshme mbi zgjerimin fillestar t\u00eb pilulave t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb lindjes dhe kujdesit p\u00ebr abortin n\u00eb vitet \u201970 se, kur grat\u00eb kan\u00eb pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb siguri mbi planifikimin e tyre familjar, ato thjesht b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjedhje ndryshe,\u201d tha Bahn p\u00ebr Recode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kjo mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndarje profesionale – mbi p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i grave n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb caktuara si kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnia, p\u00ebr shembull – q\u00eb redukton pagat n\u00eb ato fusha, edhe kur merret p\u00ebr baz\u00eb arsimi, p\u00ebrvoja dhe vendndodhja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4) T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto m\u00eb lart kan\u00eb ndikim negativ n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvog\u00eblimi i vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, shpenzimi i koh\u00ebs jasht\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, edukimi m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt – t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb pag\u00ebn e grave, e cila edhe tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mesatarisht m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e burrave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb punim nga ekonomisti Ali Abboud q\u00eb konsideronte shtetet ku aborti ishte i ligjsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrpara Roe kund\u00ebr Wade zbuloi se grat\u00eb e reja q\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb abort p\u00ebr t\u00eb vonuar nj\u00eb shtatz\u00ebni t\u00eb paplanifikuar p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vit, kishin nj\u00eb rritje prej 11 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb pagat p\u00ebr or\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me mesataren. Hulumtimi i Jones zbuloi se e drejta ligjore e abortit p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e reja shtatz\u00ebna rriti gjasat e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb profesion profesional me 35 pik\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjeje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
IKPG vler\u00ebson se n\u00ebse kufizimet ekzistuese t\u00eb abortit do t\u00eb hiqeshin, grat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb SHBA-n\u00eb do t\u00eb fitonin mesatarisht 1600 dollar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb vit. T\u00eb ardhurat e humbura nuk prekin vet\u00ebm grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb shtatz\u00ebni t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruara, por edhe familjet e tyre dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb ato tashm\u00eb i kan\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb ardhurat ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb normat e varf\u00ebris\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm tek grat\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnin\u00eb e pad\u00ebshiruar, por edhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5) Mungesa e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr abort kufizon synimet e grave p\u00ebr karrier\u00eb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb, mungesa e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr abort kufizon seriozisht shpresat e grave p\u00ebr karrier\u00ebn e tyre. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb hulumtimin e ekipit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Studimin Turnaway, Foster zbuloi se grat\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb abort t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar kishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb kishin synime nj\u00ebvje\u00e7are n\u00eb lidhje me pun\u00ebsimin sesa ato q\u00eb kishin, me gjas\u00eb sepse ato synime do t\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t’u arritur kur ato kujdeseshin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb t\u00eb porsalindur. Ato gjithashtu kishin m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb kishin synime aspiruese nj\u00ebvje\u00e7are ose pes\u00ebvje\u00e7are n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kufizimi i autonomis\u00eb s\u00eb grave mbi t\u00eb drejtat e tyre riprodhuese p\u00ebrforcon statusin e pabarabart\u00eb t\u00eb grave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb jan\u00eb sa konkrete aq dhe kalimtare, tha p\u00ebr Recode C. Nicole Mason, presidente dhe CEO e IKPG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb shum\u00eb psikike, emocionale, psikologjike – t\u00eb ndjesh dhe t\u00eb kuptoj se barazit\u00eb e mia, t\u00eb drejtat e mia, jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak se homolog\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb burra,” tha ajo. \u201cLigji po e b\u00ebn t\u00eb till\u00eb. Gjykata Supreme po e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n