Gjykata e Lart\u00eb e SHBA do t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nj\u00eb vendim q\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb anuloj\u00eb vendimin e saj t\u00eb vitit 1973 Roe v Wade, rast ky q\u00eb afirmoi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn kushtetuese p\u00ebr abort. P\u00ebrmbysja e vendimit do t\u00eb kishte implikime t\u00eb thella p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb abort n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Nj\u00eb vendim i till\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte pasoja edhe jasht\u00eb vendit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse nj\u00eb vendim gjyq\u00ebsor fuqizon administratat e ardhshme presidenciale t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur kufizimet e abortit n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mos mbivler\u00ebsohet ndikimi i SHBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00ebn globale t\u00eb abortit. Rasti i vitit 1973 ishte nj\u00eb pik\u00eb referimi n\u00eb lejimin e qasjes n\u00eb abort dhe sh\u00ebrbeu si shembull p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit e abortit n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Por q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb, mesazhet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr abortin kan\u00eb qen\u00eb jokoherente. Ligji amerikan e b\u00ebri abortin t\u00eb ligjsh\u00ebm n\u00eb vend, por legjislacioni shtes\u00eb q\u00eb pasoi i dha administratave presidenciale t\u00eb SHBA mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar qasjen jasht\u00eb vendit. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, Shtetet e Bashkuara, me politika q\u00eb n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq jan\u00eb penguese dhe n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb jokonsistente, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore n\u00eb bllokimin e marr\u00ebveshjes nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr liberalizimin e abortit. Megjithat\u00eb, tendenca globale ka l\u00ebvizur ngadal\u00eb drejt qasjes m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ndaj abortit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VAL\u00cb N\u00cb RRITJE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vende t\u00eb tilla si Franca dhe Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar vendos\u00ebn fillimisht politika q\u00eb ndalonin abortin n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb – dhe i riprodhuan ato n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn duke i shpallur ligjet e tyre si ligje t\u00eb kolonive t\u00eb tyre. Por forcat q\u00eb shtynin politik\u00ebn n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt u shfaq\u00ebn jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb. N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb nj\u00ebzet\u00eb, partit\u00eb socialiste k\u00ebrkuan p\u00ebrjashtime nga ndalimi i abortit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb aty edhe grat\u00eb q\u00eb vuanin nga varf\u00ebria. Qeveria Sovjetike ishte e para q\u00eb legalizoi abortin sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1920, megjith\u00ebse periodikisht e t\u00ebrhoqi dhe e rivendosi at\u00eb politik\u00eb gjat\u00eb dekadave n\u00eb vijim. Lejimi i abortit n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb kufizuara fitoi nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb publike n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn kur normat e abortit u rrit\u00ebn n\u00eb vitet 1930 gjat\u00eb Depresionit t\u00eb Madh. Nga fundi i viteve 1960, vendet n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn po l\u00ebviznin drejt liberalizimit. Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar miratoi Aktin e Abortit n\u00eb 1967, Singapori miratoi Aktin e Abortit n\u00eb 1969, India vendosi Aktin e Nd\u00ebrprerjes Mjek\u00ebsore t\u00eb Shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb n\u00eb 1971 dhe Gjykata e Lart\u00eb e SHBA vendosi p\u00ebr Roe v Wade n\u00eb 1973. Kur Kina prezantoi politik\u00ebn q\u00eb lejonin vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1979, zbatimi i saj k\u00ebrkonte qasje n\u00eb abort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vala e liberalizimit t\u00eb abortit n\u00eb vitet 1960 dhe 1970 p\u00ebrkoi me nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes globale ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave, t\u00eb tilla si mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e barabarta t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit, kriminalizimi i dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb familje dhe mosdiskriminimi n\u00eb ligjet e pron\u00ebs dhe trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb. Kombet e Bashkuara shpall\u00ebn periudh\u00ebn 1975-1984 si “Dekad\u00ebn e Gruas” dhe n\u00eb 1979 miratuan nj\u00eb traktat baz\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave, Konvent\u00ebn p\u00ebr Eliminimin e t\u00eb Gjitha Formave t\u00eb Diskriminimit Kund\u00ebr Grave, e cila q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar nga pothuajse \u00e7do vend n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Por edhe pse disa vende p\u00ebrfshinin qasjen e abortit n\u00eb legjislacionin vendas, t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e kund\u00ebrshtuan praktik\u00ebn dhe kund\u00ebrmobilizimi i fort\u00eb e mbajti \u00e7\u00ebshtjen jasht\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Aborti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb traktatin e vitit 1979 dhe as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb Objektivat e Zhvillimit Mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb ose n\u00eb Objektivat e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Zhvillimit t\u00eb Q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm si nj\u00eb komponent i progresit drejt t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave. N\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare mbi Popullsin\u00eb dhe Zhvillimin e 1994 n\u00eb Kajro, Kisha Katolike formoi aleanca strategjike me delegacionet e vendeve kryesisht katolike dhe myslimane p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e organizatave t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar gjuh\u00ebn q\u00eb adreson abortin n\u00eb dokumentet e konferenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
REAGIMI KUND\u00cbR ROE V WADE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shtetet e Bashkuara kan\u00eb vepruar prej koh\u00ebsh si nj\u00eb prish\u00ebs ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht efektiv n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb konsensus t\u00eb fort\u00eb global rreth abortit. Vendimi Roe v Wade shkaktoi nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm nga l\u00ebvizja vendase kund\u00ebr abortit dhe zona ku ajo arriti t\u00eb fitonte shpejt t\u00ebrheqje ishte n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb SHBA. Studiuesit kan\u00eb dokumentuar se si, n\u00eb vitet para vendimit t\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs, Partia Republikane p\u00ebrdori kund\u00ebrshtimin ndaj abortit p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr votuesit katolik\u00eb nga Partia Demokratike dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mobilizuar konservator\u00ebt social\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. Republikan\u00ebt mor\u00ebn fitoren e tyre t\u00eb par\u00eb legjislative menj\u00ebher\u00eb pasi Presidenti Richard Nixon u rizgjodh n\u00eb 1972. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit q\u00eb u vendos Roe, n\u00eb 1973, Kongresi miratoi Amendamentin Helms n\u00eb Aktin e Ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb Huaj, duke ndaluar p\u00ebrdorimin e ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar p\u00ebr abortet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1984, Presidenti Ronald Reagan d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb delegacion n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Popullsin\u00eb n\u00eb Mexico City p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpallur nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb re, bazuar n\u00eb Amendamentin Helms, q\u00eb nd\u00ebrpreu t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr planifikimin familjar p\u00ebr organizatat joqeveritare jasht\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. N\u00eb vitin 1985, Kongresi i SHBA miratoi Amendamentin Kemp-Kasten, i cili vendosi nj\u00eb kufizim p\u00ebr kontributet e SHBA n\u00eb Fondin e Popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb. S\u00eb bashku, k\u00ebto politika rezultuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb fondit t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur sh\u00ebrbimet gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit riprodhues jasht\u00eb vendit. Megjith\u00ebse politikat zbatohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesit e ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra \u2013 ku njer\u00ebzit shpesh varen nga OJQ-t\u00eb e financuara nga jasht\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore \u2013 jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka probleme morale dhe praktike me politikat e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr qasjen e abortit jasht\u00eb vendit. Ato p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj hipokrizie imperialiste, duke vendosur nj\u00eb hierarki n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e ligjshme n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera. M\u00eb tej, hulumtimi ka gjetur vazhdimisht se Politika e Mexico City rrit normat e abortit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb mesin e grave q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendet q\u00eb marrin shum\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb huaj nga SHBA. Ky rezultat mund t\u00eb duket kund\u00ebr-intuitiv, por shpjegimi \u00ebsht\u00eb logjik: kur politika \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar, furnizimi i kontraceptiv\u00ebve n\u00eb ato vende ka r\u00ebn\u00eb, sepse OJQ-t\u00eb q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit riprodhues kan\u00eb humbur fondet. Rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl i kontraceptiv\u00ebve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb shtatz\u00ebni dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb aborte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megjithat\u00eb, ajo q\u00eb ofron Politika e Mexico City \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje simbolike p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e abortit. Kjo dhe politika t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb kan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb efekt ftoh\u00ebs n\u00eb mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejtave riprodhuese n\u00eb vendet q\u00eb varen nga ndihma e SHBA. N\u00eb intervistat e kryera nga Vanessa Rios p\u00ebr nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb Koalicionit Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb Grave n\u00eb vitin 2019, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e organizatave sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb Kenia, Nepal, Nigeri dhe Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut raportuan frik\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs me grupet e tjera q\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahin abortin. Ata madje kishin frik\u00eb t\u00eb diskutonin p\u00ebr abortin brenda organizatave t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Roli i Politik\u00ebs s\u00eb Mexico City n\u00eb fuqizimin e l\u00ebvizjeve kund\u00ebr abortit ndihmon n\u00eb kund\u00ebrveprimin e nj\u00eb kufiri t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb efektivitetin e tij: faktin q\u00eb \u00e7do president demokrat q\u00eb nga viti 1984 e ka anuluar at\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebzgjatjen e mandatit t\u00eb tij n\u00eb detyr\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebse administratat demokratike kan\u00eb rivendosur fondet e SHBA p\u00ebr organizatat e ndihm\u00ebs n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb, ato administrata zakonisht nuk kan\u00eb miratuar politika p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb rrjetet kund\u00ebr abortit ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejtave riprodhuese n\u00eb ato vende.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00ebn Presidentin Donald Trump, Shtetet e Bashkuara k\u00ebrkuan kufizime edhe t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme p\u00ebr abortin jasht\u00eb vendit. N\u00eb vitin 2017, administrata zgjeroi Politik\u00ebn e Mexico City p\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn prej 600 milion\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh q\u00eb Washington-i ndan p\u00ebr planifikimin familjar dhe sh\u00ebndetin riprodhues \u00e7do vit, por p\u00ebr rreth 7 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb ofron \u00e7do vit. Intervistat e Rios sugjeruan se disa nga k\u00ebto fonde u devijuan p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur grupet kund\u00ebr abortit jasht\u00eb vendit – dhe se politikan\u00ebt dhe organizatat konservatore n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tilla si Kenia dhe Nigeria ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb hapura n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb ndryshimit n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e SHBA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb vitin 2020, qeveria e SHBA-s\u00eb, e udh\u00ebhequr nga Sekretari i Shtetit, Mike Pompeo, bashk\u00eb-sponsorizoi (me Brazilin, Egjiptin, Hungarin\u00eb, Indonezin\u00eb dhe Ugand\u00ebn) Deklarat\u00ebn e Konsensusit t\u00eb Gjenev\u00ebs p\u00ebr Promovimin e Sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb Grave dhe Forcimin e Familjes, e cila, megjith\u00ebse nuk detyron 34 n\u00ebnshkruesit t\u00eb \u00e7do politike specifike, shpreh\u00ebn nj\u00eb angazhim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr parandalimin e qasjes n\u00eb abort. Tendencat autoritare t\u00eb vendeve pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse jan\u00eb t\u00eb habitshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb lidhje me hapat q\u00eb disa kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar abortin, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb vendimi i Gjykat\u00ebs Kushtetuese polake t\u00eb vitit 2020 q\u00eb kufizon rrethanat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat procedura \u00ebsht\u00eb e ligjshme. Studiuesit kan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur se rr\u00ebshqitja e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb erozione t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave riprodhuese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NJ\u00cb TREND I PAMOHUESH\u00cbM<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deri m\u00eb sot, p\u00ebrpjekjet e nd\u00ebrprera t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar abortin nuk kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin nj\u00eb prirje m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb globale drejt liberalizimit. Megjith\u00ebse disa institucione nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare ende i shmangen adresimit t\u00eb abortit, Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb avokate gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e z\u00ebshme p\u00ebr liberalizimin e abortit. Ajo l\u00ebshoi \u200b\u200bnj\u00eb raport q\u00eb ofron udh\u00ebzime teknike dhe politika p\u00ebr praktikat e sigurta t\u00eb abortit n\u00eb vitin 2003 dhe e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoi at\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2012. N\u00eb vitin 2019, OBSH zhvendosi mifepristonin dhe misoprostolin (ila\u00e7et n\u00eb regjimin me dy pilula t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturit aborti mjek\u00ebsor) n\u00eb list\u00ebn e barnave esenciale, list\u00eb e cila p\u00ebrshkruan k\u00ebrkesat minimale p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe identifikon barnat m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta dhe m\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr kushtet prioritare. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, OBSH b\u00ebri deklarat\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb guximshme p\u00ebr abortin deri m\u00eb tani, duke nxjerr\u00eb udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr kujdesin ndaj abortit q\u00eb rekomandojn\u00eb vendet q\u00eb t\u00eb dekriminalizojn\u00eb abortin dhe ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb procedur\u00ebn t\u00eb disponueshme sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr shtatz\u00ebnat, duke i paraqitur k\u00ebto politika si t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar abortet e pasigurta dhe vdekjet e n\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shum\u00eb vende po priren drejt heqjes s\u00eb kufizimeve t\u00eb abortit, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb fragmentuar. Vendet e pasura priren t\u00eb ken\u00eb ligje liberale p\u00ebr abortin, nd\u00ebrsa homolog\u00ebt e tyre m\u00eb pak t\u00eb pasur kan\u00eb ligje q\u00eb variojn\u00eb nga ndalimi total deri te lejimi i abortit pa kufizime. Q\u00eb nga viti 1994, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 vende kan\u00eb zgjeruar bazat ligjore p\u00ebr abortin. Vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr \u2013 Republika Domenikane, El Salvador, Nikaragua dhe Polonia \u2013 i kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ligjet e tyre t\u00eb abortit vazhdimisht m\u00eb kufizuese. Shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb kan\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trend. S\u00eb pari, karakterizimi i OBSH-s\u00eb i abortit si nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe jo nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje morale dhe kulturore ka ndihmuar q\u00eb kjo praktik\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb pak e diskutueshme. N\u00eb vendet ku mjek\u00ebt jan\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb e fort\u00eb politike, ata kan\u00eb nxitur dekriminalizimin p\u00ebr t’u dh\u00ebn\u00eb mjek\u00ebve m\u00eb shum\u00eb diskrecion mbi procedur\u00ebn mjek\u00ebsore. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, aborti mund t\u00eb mbetet i paarritsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shum\u00eb gra. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Uruguaj, nj\u00eb ligj i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit q\u00eb liberalizoi politikat e vendit k\u00ebrkon ende q\u00eb gruaja shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb takohet me nj\u00eb panel profesionist\u00ebsh mjek\u00ebsor\u00eb q\u00eb vendosin n\u00ebse aborti do t\u00eb lejohet – dhe mjek\u00ebt kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb refuzojn\u00eb ta kryejn\u00eb at\u00eb. Kjo lloj reforme duket se ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb po aq me mbrojtjen e mjek\u00ebve nga ndjekja penale, aq edhe me mbrojtjen e interesave t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, qasja n\u00eb abort u zgjerua koh\u00ebt e fundit n\u00eb Benin dhe Republik\u00ebn Demokratike t\u00eb Kongos, t\u00eb t\u00eb dyjat shtete q\u00eb varen shum\u00eb nga financimi i huaj. N\u00eb vitin 2019, af\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb e treta e ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb huaj dypal\u00ebshe t\u00eb Beninit erdhi nga Shtetet e Bashkuara, por qeveria ende reformoi ligjet e saj p\u00ebr abortin n\u00eb tetor 2021 me synimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar sh\u00ebndetin seksual dhe riprodhues. Duke folur n\u00eb favor t\u00eb legjislacionit, ministri i sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb i Beninit vuri n\u00eb dukje se abortet e pasigurta ishin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr deri n\u00eb 20 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb vdekjeve t\u00eb n\u00ebnave n\u00eb vend. Kur aborti kriminalizohet, pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtim mjek\u00ebsor pas nj\u00eb aborti t\u00eb pasigurt mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb frik\u00eb t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb spital; n\u00ebse shkojn\u00eb, ato shpesh ndeshen me staf me trajnim minimal n\u00eb kujdesin lidhur me abortin. Politika e Mexico City e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, e cila redukton m\u00eb tej disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb sigurta t\u00eb lidhura me abortin, mund ta p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb problem. Megjithat\u00eb, reformat e Beninit tregojn\u00eb se disa vende t\u00eb varura nga ndihma jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatshme t\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb humbjen e fondeve t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb n\u00ebn administrat\u00ebn e ardhshme republikane, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb korrin p\u00ebrfitimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb liberalizimit t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb abortit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb pes\u00eb dekada q\u00eb nga Roe v Wade, politikat e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb vendeve p\u00ebr abortin jan\u00eb varur m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga shqet\u00ebsimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, aleancat me Kish\u00ebn Katolike ose fuqia politike e profesionist\u00ebve mjek\u00ebsor\u00eb sesa nga politika e brendshme e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara – edhe kur ato politika p\u00ebrkthehen n\u00eb avokimin kund\u00ebr abortit jasht\u00eb vendit. Dhe n\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vijim, t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt faktor\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb nxitur liberalizimin deri m\u00eb tani, do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. P\u00ebrmbysja e Roe v Wade mund t\u00eb inkurajoj\u00eb administratat e ardhshme amerikane p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb agresive p\u00ebr kufizime brenda dhe jasht\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, por p\u00ebrmbysja mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyer mbrapsht nj\u00eb val\u00eb globale n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb t\u00eb liberalizimit t\u00eb abortit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nina Brooks, Minzee Kim, Elizabeth Heger Boyle, and Wesley Longhofer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E p\u00ebrktheu: Riola Morina<\/p>\n\n\n\n