Historia d\u00ebshmon se udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit\/et e l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb suksesshme duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej revolt\u00ebs ndaj pushtetit. Ata\/o duhet t\u00eb bashkohen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00ebvizjet shoq\u00ebrore lindin kur aktivist\u00ebt\/et mobilizojn\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit\/et apo institucionet zyrtare. Shpesh, individ\u00ebt q\u00eb sjellin ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme nuk kan\u00eb pushtet formal dhe teksa p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e ashp\u00ebr p\u00ebr ndryshime shoq\u00ebrore ose ekonomike, p\u00ebrjashtohen, n\u00ebn\u00e7mohen, burgosen, madje edhe ekzekutohen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aktivist\u00ebt\/et q\u00eb duan t\u00eb sjellin ndryshim p\u00ebrball\u00eb forcave mbizot\u00ebruese p\u00ebrballen me shum\u00eb zgjedhje p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si do ta udh\u00ebheqin luft\u00ebn e tyre. Historia tregon se disa e b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paq\u00ebsore dhe disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jo. Disa p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb ndryshime nga brenda, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt zgjedhin t\u00eb punojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb sistemit dhe p\u00ebrpiqen ta destabilizojn\u00eb ose p\u00ebrmbysin at\u00eb. \u00c7far\u00ebdo rruge q\u00eb zgjedhin k\u00ebta udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs\/e, ata\/o do t\u00eb kritikohen nga ata\/o q\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga status quo-ja dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohen apo edhe t\u00eb persekutohen nga ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb pushtet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb shembull i nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeje shoq\u00ebrore, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs p\u00ebrfundimisht ia dol\u00ebn t\u00eb sjellin ndryshime rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore, \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizja e grave amerikane p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX-t\u00eb dhe fillimshekullit t\u00eb XX-t\u00eb. Lufta p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb ShBA zgjati gati nj\u00eb shekull, p\u00ebrfshiu kat\u00ebr breza aktivist\u00ebsh dhe kulmoi zyrtarisht me kalimin e Amendamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1919 (ratifikuar m\u00eb 1920), duke ndaluar diskriminimin bazuar n\u00eb seksin biologjik gjat\u00eb votimit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje duhet t\u00eb krijohet nga di\u00e7ka q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e shohin si t\u00eb panatyrshme ose t\u00eb padrejt\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ia vlen t\u00eb luftohet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q\u00eb nga fillimi i luft\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, aktivistet kuptuan se e drejta p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar nuk ishte thjesht nj\u00eb simbol i barazis\u00eb gjinore. Kjo ishte ndoshta m\u00ebnyra e vetme se si shumica e grave mund t\u00eb ndikonin n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e drejtimit t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Rezistenca ndaj t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar mbeti e pal\u00ebkundur deri n\u00eb fund, duke shfaqur v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb has nxitja e ndryshimit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00ebvizja e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb vot\u00ebs k\u00ebrkonte bashkimin e grave, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave kishin pak gj\u00ebra t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta dhe kishin interesa t\u00eb ndryshme e ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe kontradiktore. E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb i lidhte, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 gjinis\u00eb, ishte mungesa e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs t\u00eb vot\u00ebs dhe jo t\u00eb gjithave u interesonte nj\u00ebsoj kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb nga sfidat me t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn udh\u00ebheq\u00ebset e l\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs \u2013 kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00ebsim p\u00ebr udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e l\u00ebvizjeve shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nd\u00ebr kushtet themelore n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat u form\u00ebsua dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht kulmoi l\u00ebvizja e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb vot\u00ebs mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. L\u00ebvizje e lindur nga nj\u00eb shkak i drejt\u00eb.<\/strong> Nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje duhet t\u00eb krijohet nga di\u00e7ka q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e shohin si t\u00eb panatyrshme ose t\u00eb padrejt\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ia vlen t\u00eb luftohet. Historia na m\u00ebson se proceset shoq\u00ebrore dhe ekonomike u paraprijn\u00eb ngjarjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme politike. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, proceset p\u00ebrfshinin hyrjen e grave n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, ku ato funksiononin gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb si individ\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin ekonomik. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, themelimi i kolegjeve t\u00eb grave n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX-t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte q\u00eb shumica e grave t\u00eb arsimuara, t\u00eb privuara nga pjes\u00ebmarrja politike dhe lidershipi ekonomik, iu p\u00ebrkushtuan reform\u00ebs dhe pun\u00ebs sociale. Ndryshimet e rrethanave sociologjike, s\u00eb bashku me bindjen se duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndryshim politik, formuan gjenez\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb vot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Udh\u00ebheqje dinamike dhe e p\u00ebrkushtuar<\/strong>. Formimi i Shoqat\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare Amerikane p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebn e Vot\u00ebs s\u00eb Grave n\u00eb vitin 1890 ndihmoi l\u00ebvizjen t\u00eb fitonte momentum institucional. Liderja e saj, Carrie Chapman Catt, u p\u00ebrqendrua n\u00eb qet\u00ebsimin e frik\u00ebrave t\u00eb konservator\u00ebve. Lideret e tjera t\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb vot\u00ebs, si Alice Paul, lidh\u00ebn luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e vot\u00ebs s\u00eb grave me l\u00ebvizjen progresiste, duke t\u00ebrhequr komunitetet e emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore dhe duke zhvendosur luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs nga k\u00ebndet elitare n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Solidariteti q\u00eb masivizoi l\u00ebvizjen.<\/strong> L\u00ebvizja e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb vot\u00ebs i arriti q\u00ebllimet e saj vet\u00ebm pasi u b\u00eb l\u00ebvizje masive, nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje q\u00eb pushtetet nuk mund ta p\u00ebrjashtonin apo shtypnin. Me nj\u00eb mori komunitetesh emigrant\u00ebsh t\u00eb klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb industri t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, aft\u00ebsia e l\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar sfidat e grave pun\u00ebtore ishte katalizatori i suksesit t\u00eb saj. Pas nj\u00eb zjarri katastrofik tek nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb n\u00eb qytetin e Nju Jorkut, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin 146 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb (123 prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishin gra) humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn pasi u bllokuan brenda nga pronar\u00ebt q\u00eb mbyllnin dyert n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rutinore. Zem\u00ebrimi p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin e grave nga p\u00ebrfituesit kapitalist\u00eb nxiti opinionin publik. Solidariteti midis grave q\u00eb kishin mbrojtje themelore dhe grave q\u00eb nuk kishin, mund\u00ebsoi q\u00eb lufta t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapej dhe t\u00eb kishte sukses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sikurse udh\u00ebheq\u00ebset e l\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs, ata\/o q\u00eb udh\u00ebheqin l\u00ebvizjet p\u00ebr ndryshime radikale duhet t\u00eb vendosin se si do t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. A jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb antagonizojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata n\u00eb pushtet? A do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb aleanca, dhe a mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pa kompromentuar parimet e tyre apo pa zbehur ambiciet e tyre? Historia d\u00ebshmon se udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit\/et e l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb suksesshme duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej revolt\u00ebs ndaj pushtetit. Ata\/o kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb masat t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n