Grat\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr diskriminimin gjinor n\u00eb paga sepse kompanit\u00eb ku ato punojn\u00eb shpesh mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb fshehta pagat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve\/eve. Transparenca e pagave \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E drejta e pag\u00ebs t\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb ekziston prej vitesh. Nj\u00eb nga vendet e para n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb q\u00eb zbatoi ligjet e pagave t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr grat\u00eb ishte Islanda n\u00eb vitin 1961, kurse m\u00eb pas edhe vendet e tjera ndoq\u00ebn shembullin e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megjithat\u00eb, grat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn ende fitojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak se burrat. N\u00eb vitin 2022, hendeku gjinor i pagave n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian (BE) ishte 12.7%, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se grat\u00eb fitonin 87.30 \u20ac p\u00ebr \u00e7do 100 \u20ac q\u00eb fitonin burrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hendeku gjinor i vazhduesh\u00ebm i pagave madje ka \u00e7uar deri n\u00eb konceptin e Dit\u00ebs s\u00eb Pagave t\u00eb Grave \u2013 nj\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00e7do grua nd\u00ebrpren\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb simbolike duke u bazuar n\u00eb krahasimin me pagat mesatare t\u00eb burrave p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2024, n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, kjo dit\u00eb u sh\u00ebnua m\u00eb 21 shkurt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs hendeku gjinor i pagave \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i thell\u00eb, prandaj, data q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson barazin\u00eb e pagave mund t\u00eb shtyhet m\u00eb tej brenda vitit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00ebse ekzistojn\u00eb ligjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar pabarazin\u00eb gjinore n\u00eb paga, pse ligjet d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin mbrojtjen e pagave p\u00ebr grat\u00eb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebrgjigja q\u00ebndron tek vet\u00eb ligjet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse grat\u00eb duan t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb ligjet e pagave t\u00eb barabarta, ato duhet t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit e tyre n\u00eb gjykat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Padit\u00eb kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t’u fituar pasi kompanit\u00eb mund t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb fshehta pagat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve\/eve. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ekziston edhe rreziku i hakmarrjes nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit ndaj punonj\u00ebseve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Miratimi i ligjeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb pag\u00ebn e barabart\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht t\u00eb detyrueshme nuk mjafton p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur p\u00ebrnj\u00ebmend pag\u00ebn e barabart\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prej vitit 1996 deri m\u00eb 2007, p\u00ebr shembull, ishin ngritur vet\u00ebm 31 padi p\u00ebr paga t\u00eb barabarta n\u00eb Gjermani, 16 n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe 1 n\u00eb Poloni, duke d\u00ebshmuar se sa e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebset\/it q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb respektimin e ligjeve t\u00eb pagave t\u00eb barabarta nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit. T\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe ta zbatosh at\u00eb jan\u00eb dy gj\u00ebra krejt t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zvicra \u00ebsht\u00eb shembull i mekanizmave t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre ligjeve. N\u00eb vitin 1996, ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebsit zviceran\u00eb miratuan Aktin e Barazis\u00eb Gjinore, duke mbrojtur parimin e pag\u00ebs s\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr burrat dhe grat\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1999, ata gjithashtu zbatuan masa t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt migrant\u00eb, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund trajtimit t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb ligjor t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve\/eve t\u00eb komb\u00ebsive t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zbatimi i ligjit p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e pagave t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr burrat dhe grat\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet gjyq\u00ebsore, pra padit\u00ebsit\/et individual\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes sistemit gjyq\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rasti i pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Megjithat\u00eb, zbatimi i pag\u00ebs s\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ashtuquajturit pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar (ang. posted workers) sipas standardeve t\u00eb vendit prit\u00ebs nuk mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb procedurat gjyq\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pun\u00ebtori i d\u00ebrguar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs i d\u00ebrguar nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi i tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet tjet\u00ebr an\u00ebtar t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb ose vend i lidhur me tregun e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, si Zvicra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, sindikatat zvicerane, shoqatat e pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe autoritetet rajonale kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb auditime t\u00eb detyrueshme t\u00eb list\u00ebs s\u00eb pagave t\u00eb nj\u00eb kompanie. Ata gjithashtu kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb shqiptojn\u00eb gjoba jasht\u00eb sistemit gjyq\u00ebsor ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb nga tender\u00ebt publik\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb kompensojn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e d\u00ebrguar sipas standardeve vendore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kjo i lejon pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e d\u00ebrguar nga jasht\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb viktima t\u00eb diskriminimit n\u00eb paga, t\u00eb lajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt sindikatat pa pasur frik\u00eb nga hakmarrja prej pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7do vit, partner\u00ebt social\u00eb zviceran\u00eb dhe autoritetet rajonale kontrollojn\u00eb llogarit\u00eb e list\u00ebs s\u00eb pagave t\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra kompanive p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar paga t\u00eb barabarta sipas komb\u00ebsis\u00eb, kurse gjykatat zvicerane shqyrtojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm rreth 100 raste t\u00eb diskriminimit t\u00eb pagave q\u00eb lidhen me gjinin\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nj\u00eb ligj zviceran p\u00ebr Barazin\u00eb Gjinore, i rishikuar n\u00eb vitin 2020, tani k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb hendekun e tyre gjinor t\u00eb pagave p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb organi t\u00eb pavarur dhe t’ua komunikojn\u00eb rezultatet punonj\u00ebsve\/eve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb ashtuquajturat “masa an\u00ebsore” p\u00ebr paga t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr ende ofrojn\u00eb mjete m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar e mbrojtur paga t\u00eb barabarta sipas origjin\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb krahasim me ato sipas gjinis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb na sillte transparenca m\u00eb e madhe e pag\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb zbatoi ligjet e pagave t\u00eb barabarta, Islanda u b\u00eb gjithashtu vendi i par\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb zbatoi ligj\u00ebrisht transparenc\u00ebn e pagave p\u00ebr burrat dhe grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Q\u00eb nga viti 2018, \u00e7do kompanie me 25 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb\/e n\u00eb Island\u00eb i k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb certifikat\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshmon se ata i paguajn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat pozita n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Vendet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb BE-n\u00eb tani do t\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb standarde t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb vitin 2023, Parlamenti Evropian dhe K\u00ebshilli Evropian miratuan nj\u00eb direktiv\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar parimin e pag\u00ebs s\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr burrat dhe grat\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb ose pun\u00eb me vler\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kjo direktiv\u00eb i detyron vendet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb t\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb ligjet e tyre komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr barazin\u00eb e pagave, duke forcuar transparenc\u00ebn e pagave dhe zbatimin e pagave t\u00eb barabarta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pasi t\u00eb miratohet, \u00e7do punonj\u00ebs\/e do t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn t\u00eb dij\u00eb pag\u00ebn mesatare t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve\/eve q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb brenda s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs kompani. \u00c7do kompani me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 punonj\u00ebs\/e do t’i k\u00ebrkohet gjithashtu t\u00eb raportoj\u00eb rregullisht p\u00ebr hendekun gjinor t\u00eb pagave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grat\u00eb shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr diskriminimin gjinor n\u00eb paga sepse kompanit\u00eb i mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb fshehta pagat. Transparenca e pag\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj direktive jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do t’u mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb grave q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr pagat n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb e tyre, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin hapat e nevojsh\u00ebm n\u00ebse ka hendek gjinor n\u00eb paga, por gjithashtu do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb arsyet e pabarazive n\u00eb paga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, shtetet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb do t\u00eb lejohen t\u00eb p\u00ebrpilojn\u00eb dhe publikojn\u00eb vet\u00eb informacionin e pagave specifike p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ofruara nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit tek autoritetet tatimore dhe t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse hendeku i pagave \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5% dhe nuk mund t\u00eb justifikohet objektivisht, kompania n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me legjislacionin komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb pun\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb bjer\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr masat korrigjuese me sindikatat ose me ndonj\u00eb organ tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve\/eve, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshilli i pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Masa t\u00eb tjera si leht\u00ebsimi i barr\u00ebs s\u00eb prov\u00ebs ose mbrojtja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb kund\u00ebr akteve t\u00eb hakmarrjes p\u00ebr padit\u00ebsit\/et gjithashtu forcojn\u00eb mbrojtjen e pagave p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe pag\u00ebn e barabart\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kjo direktiv\u00eb ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi n\u00eb qershor 2023 dhe shtetet an\u00ebtare kan\u00eb tre vjet koh\u00eb p\u00ebr ta integruar at\u00eb n\u00eb legjislacionin komb\u00ebtar. Ora po troket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n