{"id":914,"date":"2021-03-09T14:33:50","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T13:33:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?post_type=lexo-post&p=914"},"modified":"2021-03-16T14:02:52","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T13:02:52","slug":"izolimi-shperfaqi-shfrytezimin-e-grave-nga-sistemi-ekonomik-federici-e-ka-parapare-kete-qe-moti","status":"publish","type":"lexo-post","link":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/lexo-post\/izolimi-shperfaqi-shfrytezimin-e-grave-nga-sistemi-ekonomik-federici-e-ka-parapare-kete-qe-moti\/","title":{"rendered":"Izolimi shp\u00ebrfaqi shfryt\u00ebzimin e grave nga sistemi ekonomik. Federici e ka parapar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00eb moti."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra Silvia Federici ka paralajm\u00ebruar se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh\u00eb kur n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojm\u00eb pun\u00ebn e papaguar t\u00eb grave.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb muajin maj, parku \u201cProspect\u201d n\u00eb Brooklyn \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i bukur: livadhe me bar t\u00eb dendur, kodra dhe lugina, gjith\u00e7ka e mbuluar me lule dhe arom\u00eb frutash. Zogjt\u00eb si dhe njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb zhurmsh\u00ebm. Mir\u00ebpo, majin e kaluar parku ishte m\u00eb i qet\u00eb se zakonisht dhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb l\u00ebviznin n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb ishin me nj\u00eb energji t\u00eb zbehur dhe t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar. Disa kishin v\u00ebn\u00eb maska, disa jo. Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb dikush i b\u00ebrtiste dikujt tjet\u00ebr sepse i ishte afruar shum\u00eb. N\u00eb mes t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj skene, me hap energjik, po ecte Silvia Federici, teoricientja dhe studiuesja 78-vje\u00e7are e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar, nj\u00eb nga mendimtaret feministe socialiste m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federici kishte vendosur nj\u00eb shall t\u00eb zi mbi hund\u00eb dhe goj\u00eb, dhe kishte veshur nj\u00eb bluz\u00eb blu q\u00eb ia kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00ebna e saj shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. S\u00eb paku nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb dim\u00ebr, Federici s\u00eb bashku me partnerin e saj, filozofin George Caffenzis, ec\u00eb rreth e rrotull k\u00ebtij parku. (Caffentzis vuan nga s\u00ebmindja Parkinson, tregon Fedirici, dhe kjo ecje i ndihmon shum\u00eb). Megjithat\u00eb, gjat\u00eb muajit maj, ajo pranoi q\u00eb p\u00ebr disa dit\u00eb me radh\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb sh\u00ebtitje t\u00eb dyt\u00eb me mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I k\u00ebrkova t\u00eb takohemi sepse problemet sociale, ekonomike, dhe politike q\u00eb i solli pandemia b\u00ebn q\u00eb temat qendrore t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Federicit t\u00eb diskutoheshin edhe n\u00eb ato vende ku nuk pritej. Papritmas konceptet dhe frazat nga puna e saj ishin gjithandej n\u00eb media sociale, opinione dhe biseda t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme mes miqve q\u00eb diskutonin se cilat lloje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs konsiderohen esenciale dhe pse. Federici \u00ebsht\u00eb avokuese e mo\u00e7me e ides\u00eb q\u00eb pun\u00ebt e kujdesit jan\u00eb pun\u00eb e papaguar dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ajo ishte themeluese e l\u00ebvizjes \u201cPag\u00eb p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1970. K\u00ebto pun\u00eb jan\u00eb form\u00eb e shtypjes ekonomike gjinore, argumenton Federici dhe nj\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim mbi t\u00eb cilin mb\u00ebshtetet komplet kapitalizmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federici i takon grupit t\u00eb studiuesve dhe aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, p\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra, kan\u00eb kritikuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb kapitaliste nuk njohin at\u00eb q\u00eb ajo e quan \u201cpun\u00eb riprodhuese\u201d. K\u00ebt\u00eb term ajo nuk e p\u00ebrdor\u00eb thjesht p\u00ebr t\u2019iu referuar lindjes dhe rritjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve; mir\u00ebpo p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb e b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur veten dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt rreth nesh sh\u00ebndosh, t\u00eb ushqyer, t\u00eb sigurt, t\u00eb past\u00ebr, t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesur, t\u00eb lumtur. Jan\u00eb mir\u00ebmbajtja e kopshtit, p\u00ebrgatitja e m\u00ebngjesit apo pastrimi i gjyshes s\u00eb moshuar \u2013 pun\u00eb q\u00eb duhen b\u00ebr\u00eb vazhdimisht, pun\u00eb q\u00eb nuk v\u00ebrehen. Jan\u00eb pun\u00eb esenciale q\u00eb sistemi yn\u00eb ekonomik nuk i njeh dhe nuk i kompenson. Kjo shp\u00ebrfillje p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn riprodhuese, shkruan Federici, \u00ebsht\u00eb e padrejt\u00eb dhe e paq\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuk mund t\u00eb themi q\u00eb k\u00ebto ide ishin t\u00eb panjohura para pandemis\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, rrymat e ndryshme t\u00eb feminizmit, pa p\u00ebrmendur k\u00ebtu rrymat politike ose ekonomike, kryesisht kan\u00eb injoruar pun\u00ebt e kujdesit. Fuqizimi i grave \u00ebsht\u00eb matur p\u00ebrmes pranis\u00eb dhe ndikimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs, i cila arrihet duke kontraktuar gra m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pag\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb, grat\u00eb ende mbeten t\u00eb zhytura n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. E kemi d\u00ebgjuar shpesh termin \u201corari i dyt\u00eb\u201d \u2013 term i krijuar nga sociologia Arlie Hochschild n\u00eb vitin 1989, i cili p\u00ebrshkruan se si puna e mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe kujdesi ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve bie disproporcionalisht mbi supet e grave edhe n\u00ebse ato mbajn\u00eb pun\u00eb me orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, personat q\u00eb paguhen p\u00ebr t\u2019i kryer pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb (kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, t\u00eb moshuarve etj.), paguhen shum\u00eb pak dhe nuk kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb tjera si sigurimi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor apo fondi pensional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitet e fundit, ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb politikave publike dhe ekonomist\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm kan\u00eb theksuar q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb absurde q\u00eb pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb t\u00eb mos llogariten n\u00eb matje t\u00eb ndryshme ekonomike, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb GDP-ja. Pun\u00ebt e papaguara t\u00eb grave p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik t\u00eb secilit vend dhe duhet domosdoshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb matje ekonomike. Para nj\u00eb viti, Oxfam publikoi nj\u00eb hulumtim q\u00eb tregon se n\u00ebse grat\u00eb amerikane do t\u00eb merrnin pag\u00eb minimale p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, ato do t\u00eb kishin fituar 1.5 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2019. Globalisht, vlera e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar do t\u00eb ishte pothuajse 11 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb. Marilyn Waring, studiuese e politikave publike, theksoi se sa absurde \u00ebsht\u00eb konsiderimi i pun\u00ebve t\u00eb kujdesit si t\u00eb pa vlera ose si aktivitet i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. \u201cNuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb politika t\u00eb mira n\u00ebse sektori m\u00eb i madh ekonomik \u00ebsht\u00eb i paduksh\u00ebm\u201d \u2013 tha ajo n\u00eb nj\u00eb fjalim n\u00eb vitin 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi i vet\u00ebm i sistemit ekonomik t\u00eb tanish\u00ebm. Hendeku mes t\u00eb pasurve dhe t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb 100 vitet e fundit. Shumica e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve punojn\u00eb me paga t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe jo-stabile. K\u00ebto kushte ekonomike kan\u00eb rraskapitur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb pasigurie.  K\u00ebto ndjenja u rrit\u00ebn dhe u shnd\u00ebrruan n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb kur filloi izolimi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb. S\u00eb pari filloi diskutimi p\u00ebr \u201cpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt esencial\u201d, nj\u00eb kategori q\u00eb u vu re shpejt q\u00eb kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt me pagat m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Pastaj, klasat e mesme dhe t\u00eb larta vun\u00eb re q\u00eb kishin jetuar rehat pasi q\u00eb kishin kontraktuar dik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u2019i kryer pun\u00ebt e kujdesit, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb moshuarve. Gjithashtu prind\u00ebrit v\u00ebrejt\u00ebn se sa shum\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb m\u00ebsues\/e (t\u00eb cil\u00ebt paguhen shum\u00eb pak) p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre 8 or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sistemeve t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb (kujdesi ditor; gjysh\u00ebrit; kampet verore; kujdestar\u00ebt p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb etj.), prind\u00ebrit amerikan\u00eb kuptuan se t\u00eb kujdesesh p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb mbash nj\u00eb pun\u00eb me orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kan\u00eb ditur q\u00eb moti prind\u00ebrit vetushqyes q\u00eb edhe me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb pun\u00eb me pag\u00eb minimale kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb paaft\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb qiran\u00eb, ushqimin, dhe aq m\u00eb pak kujdestare p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo situat\u00eb e re ka sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb frym\u00eb radikale. Gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar edhe ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb pad\u00ebmtuar nga pandemia filluan t\u00eb shprehin ndjenja antikapitaliste, duke kritikuar sistemin ekonomik q\u00eb i n\u00ebn\u00e7mon dhe injoron pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb grup aktoresh (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Julianne Moore, Charlize Theron, drejtuesit e Birchbox dhe Rent the Runway), po b\u00ebjn\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u201cMarshall Plan for Moms\u201d, plan i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte pagesa mujore p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat. \u201cJemi lodhur duke punuar pa pages\u00eb\u201d \u2013 thon\u00eb ato. Shonda Rhimes shkroi n\u00eb Twitter: \u201cKam 1 or\u00eb e 11 minuta q\u00eb po ndihmoj me m\u00ebsime nj\u00eb 6-vje\u00e7ar dhe nj\u00eb 8-vje\u00e7are n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. M\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit duhet t\u2019i paguajm\u00eb 1 miliard dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit. Ose n\u00eb jav\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb mars, aktivistja Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor aksidentalisht parashikoi k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb re, duke shkruar q\u00eb \u201cpapritmas dhe drastikisht jeta n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb ka ndryshuar dhe kur gj\u00ebrat kthehen p\u00ebrmbys, fundi nxirret n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe dhe ekspozohet\u201d. K\u00ebt\u00eb vit iu shp\u00ebrfaqen realitete t\u00eb sh\u00ebmtuara shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb amerikan\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuan izolimin n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Sht\u00ebpia – vend ku po grumbullohen en\u00ebt, rrobat e palara dhe pluhuri n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb kujdesit. Sht\u00ebpia – q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb vendi i pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr dik\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, zon\u00eb ku p\u00ebrplasen shum\u00eb lloje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Sht\u00ebpia, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn deri tani 34 milion amerikan\u00eb e kan\u00eb humbur ose rrezikojn\u00eb ta humbasin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb largimit nga puna dhe d\u00ebbimit nga qiradh\u00ebn\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb ndryshe viti i kaluar po t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej si duhet puna q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur p\u00ebr nj\u00ebri tjetrin, vet\u00ebn, dhe bot\u00ebn rreth nesh? Si do t\u00eb dukej e ardhmja, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Federici, n\u00ebse \u201crefuzojm\u00eb t\u00eb bazojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb n\u00eb vuajtjet e dikujt tjet\u00ebr\u201d, n\u00ebse \u201crefuzojm\u00eb t\u00eb shohim veten si m\u00eb ndryshe se ata\u201d? Federici u b\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e njohur gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes \u201cOccupy Wall Street\u201d, l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajo e ka mb\u00ebshtetur shum\u00eb. Shkrimet e saj mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebvizje kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb lexuesve t\u00eb majt\u00eb feminist. Gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb cituar vazhdimisht nga artikuj shum\u00eb t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb \u201cNew York Times\u201d, \u201cThe Atlantic\u201d, e deri te  \u201cTeen Vogue\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur u takuam n\u00eb maj, Federici dukej m\u00eb e relaksuar se shumica e personave q\u00eb njoh. Deri sa ecte drejt meje ishte e fokusuar dhe energjike si dhe buz\u00ebqeshte pas mask\u00ebs. Deri sa po ecnim, ajo fliste shpejt\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrmbledhur sistemet dhe format e nd\u00ebrlidhura t\u00eb cenueshm\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme, mir\u00ebpo tani p\u00ebrmes pandemis\u00eb po kan\u00eb ndikim tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Federici tha q\u00eb befasohej kur njer\u00ebzit e th\u00ebrrisnin tani p\u00ebr t\u00eb biseduar p\u00ebr shkrimet e saj t\u00eb para 20 ose 30 viteve. Mir\u00ebpo, ka koh\u00eb q\u00eb ajo dyshonte se rreziqet e n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kujdesit dikur do t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb injorohet. \u201cSistemi i tanish\u00ebm e b\u00ebn jet\u00ebn e pa tolerueshme dhe t\u00eb pa sh\u00ebndetshme p\u00ebr miliona njer\u00ebz,\u201d tha ajo, \u201c\u00ebsht\u00eb sistem q\u00eb nuk funksionon\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vet Federici ka lindur \u201cn\u00ebn bomba\u201d. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb vajza e dyt\u00eb e nj\u00eb profesori filozofie n\u00eb Parma t\u00eb Italis\u00eb. \u201cU linda n\u00eb Parma n\u00eb 1942, nj\u00eb nga vitet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda n\u00eb historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit\u201d, m\u00eb tha ajo. N\u00eb janar t\u00eb atij viti filloi t\u00eb zbatohet \u201cZgjidhja P\u00ebrfundimtare\u201d nga Nazist\u00ebt. N\u00ebna e saj flinte me rroba veshur dhe zgjohej mes bombardimeve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs, kapte p Federicin e porsalindur dhe motr\u00ebn e saj 4-vje\u00e7are dhe vraponte n\u00eb periferi t\u00eb Parmas, ku uleshin dhe pritnin lindjen e diellit. Duke qeshur, ajo m\u00eb tha se kjo p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb e b\u00ebri q\u00eb kurr\u00eb t\u00eb mos d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb ket\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ndryshe nga shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, Parma ishte bastion i komunist\u00ebve pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Gjat\u00eb adoleshenc\u00ebs Fedirici u ndikua pik\u00ebrisht nga kjo l\u00ebvizje anti-fashiste n\u00eb Parma. Teorit\u00eb e shtypjes dhe t\u00eb drejtat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve ishin biseda t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb, prind\u00ebrit e Federicit dhe shoq\u00ebria e tyre rregullisht diskutonin p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn dhe ndikimin e fashizmit. Megjithat\u00eb, politika e majt\u00eb e Parm\u00ebs \u201cbashk\u00ebjetonte\u201d me nj\u00eb frym\u00eb intensive patriarkale. Babai i Federicit, profesor filozofie, ishte \u201cai q\u00eb i dinte gj\u00ebrat\u201d. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebna e saj, q\u00eb vinte nga fshati, supozohej q\u00eb nuk kishte njohuri. Ajo kryente gatimin, pastrimin, blerjet, dhe kujdesej p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. \u201cAskush nuk e sheh pun\u00ebn time\u201d, ankohej n\u00ebna e Federicit. \u201cSepse kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d \u2013 e ngacmonte babai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7are, Federici nuk pranoi t\u00eb merrej me ato q\u00eb i quanin \u201cpun\u00eb t\u00eb grave\u201d, pun\u00ebt q\u00eb i kishte kryer n\u00ebna e saj. \u201cE ndjeja n\u00ebn\u00e7mimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Ishte aktivitet q\u00eb as nuk shp\u00ebrblehej e as nuk ofronte k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi.\u201d Megjithat\u00eb, Federici thot\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebna e saj ishte inspirimi p\u00ebr idet\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb shkrimeve t\u00eb saj. \u201cD\u00ebgjoja dhe flisja p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e fabrikave, ata i konsideroja si klas\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Mir\u00ebpo n\u00ebna m\u00eb tha disa her\u00eb \u201cgjithmon\u00eb flet p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e fabrikave thua se ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb!\u201d. K\u00ebt\u00eb nuk ia thoshte babait tim, i cili ishte \u201cm\u00ebsuesi, intelektuali, personi i ditur\u201d. N\u00ebna m\u00eb tha gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00eb e politik\u00ebs dhe shkrimeve t\u00eb mia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politikat e Federicit filluan t\u00eb formohen 10 vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb 1967, kur fitoi burs\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs. Atje u inspirua nga l\u00ebvizjet studentore kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebs dhe l\u00ebvizja p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn civile. Mir\u00ebpo edhe at\u00ebher\u00eb ajo nuk e njihte feminizmin si pjes\u00eb qendrore t\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimeve t\u00eb saja politike. Kjo ndryshoi n\u00eb vitin 1972 kur nj\u00eb shoqe i sugjeroi t\u00eb lexonte esen\u00eb \u201cDonne e sovversione sociale\u201d ose \u201cGrat\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmbysja e komunitetit\u201d nga feministja Mariarosa Dalla Costa. Ideja qendrore e eses\u00eb ishte q\u00eb kapitalizmi eksploaton grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi pa pag\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ky nocion ishte i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr Federicin. \u201cMenj\u00ebher\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka mori kuptim\u201d, tha ajo, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ankesat e n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb saj q\u00eb nuk ishin pun\u00ebtor\u00eb vet\u00ebm burrat n\u00eb fabrika ankesa t\u00eb cilat Federici deri tash nuk kishte menduar q\u00eb lidheshin me nocione marksiste.  Federici at\u00ebher\u00eb filloi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej me nj\u00eb grup feminist\u00ebsh, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Dalla Costa dhe James, t\u00eb cilat e quanin veten \u201cKolektivi Feminist Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u201d. Ky kolektiv filloi fushat\u00ebn \u201cPag\u00eb p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb vitin 1974, Federici dhe Nicole Cox themeluan kapitullin e par\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cPag\u00eb p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d, n\u00eb Nju Jork.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eseja e Federicit \u201cPag\u00eb Kund\u00ebr Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d, botuar n\u00eb 1975, ishte manifest i hersh\u00ebm i l\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr paga p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe ende mbetet nj\u00eb nga tekstet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura. \u201cT\u00eb  k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb paga p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb ekspozon faktin q\u00eb pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb jan\u00eb para p\u00ebr kapital, kapital i cili fiton para nga gatimi yn\u00eb, buz\u00ebqeshjet tona, (dhe gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera) \u2013 thot\u00eb ajo, duke iu referuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve seksuale. \u201cN\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, kjo tregon se ne gatuajm\u00eb, buz\u00ebqeshim, (dhe b\u00ebjm\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera), jo sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00ebpor sepse nuk kemi zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr. Na jan\u00eb shtremb\u00ebruar fytyrat nga buz\u00ebqeshja.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prej fillimit, l\u00ebvizja \u201cPag\u00eb p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebrmbajti nj\u00eb definicion shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb se kush i p\u00ebrket l\u00ebvizjes feministe. \u201cNe duhet t\u00eb themi q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha jemi amvise, t\u00eb gjitha jemi prostituta, t\u00eb gjitha jemi gej…sepse p\u00ebrderisa mendojm\u00eb q\u00eb jemi di\u00e7ka m\u00eb e mir\u00eb, di\u00e7ka m\u00eb ndryshe se nj\u00eb amvise, automatikisht pranojm\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e ndarjes\u201d \u2013 shkroi Federici. Ajo p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb ton gati p\u00ebrgj\u00ebrues kur sugjeron q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb heqim qafe iden\u00eb q\u00eb disa njer\u00ebz jan\u00eb servil ose t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar, iden\u00eb se shum\u00eb pun\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb \u201cpun\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhen nga dashuria\u201d. \u201cDuhet t\u2019i referohemi t\u00eb gjitha pun\u00ebve ashtu si\u00e7 jan\u00eb – pun\u00eb,\u201d shkroi ajo, \u201cn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb mund t\u00eb rizbulojm\u00eb se \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb dashuria\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komiteti i Nju Jorkut veproi nga nj\u00eb zyr\u00eb e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb Park Slope, Brooklyn, ku avokonin p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kushtet e jetes\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e varf\u00ebra. Ato mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn formimin e grupeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb SHBA dhe Kanad\u00eb si dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn aktivistet Margaret Prescod dhe Wilmette Brown p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar \u201cGrat\u00eb e Zeza p\u00ebr Paga p\u00ebr Pun\u00eb t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d. Avokuan s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aktivist\u00ebve p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenie, pasi q\u00eb konsideronin mir\u00ebqenien si fitoren e par\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar paga p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, pas kat\u00ebr vitesh pun\u00eb, ky rrjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar u prish. Komiteti i Nju Jorkut u shp\u00ebrb\u00eb pas nj\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje mes James dhe Prescod. Prescod thoshte q\u00eb komiteti po injoronte prioritet e grave t\u00eb zeza; Federici e mohon k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe thot\u00eb se grupi kishte probleme me James.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deri von\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt refuzuan t\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb konflikt 40-vje\u00e7ar, t\u00eb bindura q\u00eb do t\u00eb largonte v\u00ebmendjen nga puna e tyre. \u00cbsht\u00eb tem\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e ndjeshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb injorimit dhe p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb personave me ngjyr\u00eb, indigjen, gej dhe trans nga l\u00ebvizja feministe. Megjith\u00ebse nuk u pajtuan kurr\u00eb, Federici, James, dhe Prescod pat\u00ebn karriera t\u00eb gjata n\u00eb aktiviz\u00ebm feminist. James dhe Prescod vazhduan angazhimin brenda Kolektivit Feminist Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr \u201cPag\u00eb p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d dhe \u201cGrev\u00ebs Globale t\u00eb Grave\u201d dhe Federici vazhdoi si aktiviste me projektin kund\u00ebr d\u00ebnimit p\u00ebr vdekje t\u00eb Shoqat\u00ebs Radikale t\u00eb Filozofis\u00eb dhe Komitetit p\u00ebr Liri Akademike n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb si dhe si studiuese n\u00eb Universitetin Hofstra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libri m\u00eb me ndikim i Federicit erdhi pothuajse 30 vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, kur ajo publikoi \u201cCaliban and the Witch\u201d n\u00eb vitin 2004. Q\u00eb nga vitet e 70-ta, shum\u00eb feministe antikapitaliste p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb bell hooks, Angela Davis, Wilmette Brown, dhe Kolektivi i Lumit Combahee, kan\u00eb argumentuar se beteja feministe domosdoshm\u00ebrisht \u00ebsht\u00eb betej\u00eb antikapitaliste. Kjo betej\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb v\u00ebmendje ndaj identitetit gjinor dhe rac\u00ebs pasi q\u00eb kapitalizmi shtyp grat\u00eb, personat me ngjyr\u00eb, dhe klas\u00ebn pun\u00ebtore. Kontributi i \u201cCaliban and the Witch \u201d q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se argumentoi q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto forma t\u00eb shtypjes mund t\u00eb gjurmohen tek nj\u00eb burim i vet\u00ebm. Origjin\u00ebn e kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federci propozon nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb re lidhur me kalimin e Evrop\u00ebs nga feudalizmi n\u00eb kapitaliz\u00ebm. Ajo prezanton prova historike p\u00ebr t\u00eb argumentuar se ky ishte momenti kur pun\u00ebt e grave u fut\u00ebn n\u00ebn kontrollin e burrave kryefamiljar\u00eb dhe u kufizuan n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn sht\u00ebpiake. Grat\u00eb ishin ato q\u00eb mund t\u00eb lindnin dhe rrisnin fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb autonomia e tyre, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht aft\u00ebsia e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb lindur f\u00ebmij\u00eb, duhej t\u00eb \u201cmbyllej\u201d. Pastaj duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebhej edhe e \u201dnatyrshme\u201d, sikurse amvis\u00ebria t\u00eb ishte gjendje dhe d\u00ebshir\u00eb e trash\u00ebguar nga grat\u00eb. Ky ishte nj\u00eb tranzicion i dhunsh\u00ebm, argumenton Federici, duke p\u00ebrmendur mij\u00ebra gra t\u00eb vrara gjat\u00eb asaj periudhe, kryesisht gra q\u00eb nuk u pajtuan me k\u00ebt\u00eb realitet t\u00eb ri shtyp\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat u akuzuan se ishin shtriga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKapitalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb sistem racist dhe seksist\u201d, shkruan Federici. \u201cKapitalizmi denigron \u201cnatyr\u00ebn\u201d e atyre q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzon: grat\u00eb, pasardh\u00ebsit e skllev\u00ebrve afrikan\u00eb, emigrant\u00ebt etj. Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebshtu kapitalizmi mund t\u00eb justifikoj\u00eb kontradiktat e nd\u00ebrthura n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e veta sociale. Federici thot\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ce natyrshme\u201d q\u00eb pun\u00ebt e kujdesit t\u2019i takojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebr\u00ebs gjini. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e natyrshme ose e pashmangshme q\u00eb t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb sistem ekonomik prej t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nj\u00eb grup i vog\u00ebl e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00ebnshtrohen. Ky sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar vet\u00ebm se kushtet ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. Tash, ky sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur aq shum\u00eb sa q\u00eb as nuk guxojm\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tij. Sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar q\u00eb dikush t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb, thot\u00eb Federici. Mir\u00ebpo, ky sistem mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viti i fundit, vit murtaje, vit zgjedhor, vit i tmerrsh\u00ebm \u2013 na ofroi mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb se kush p\u00ebrfiton nga ky sistem ekonomik dhe n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb kujt. Gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 70 milion Amerikan\u00eb mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb papun\u00eb, shumica nga sektori i sh\u00ebrbimeve, ku shumica jan\u00eb gra me ngjyr\u00eb. Personat me paga t\u00eb ul\u00ebta humb\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb vendet e pun\u00ebs si dhe q\u00ebndruan m\u00eb gjat\u00eb pa pun\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve esencial, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vazhduan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb duke rrezikuar sh\u00ebndetin e tyre kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gra dhe shumica prej tyre gra me ngjyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb artikull n\u00eb \u201cThink Global\u201d nga Catherine Powell, profesore n\u00eb Fordham, flet p\u00ebr \u201cparadoksin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb racore\u201d. Sipas k\u00ebsaj analize amerikan\u00ebt me ngjyr\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb papun\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndikimit t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, por nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve esencial ku ekspozohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndaj virusit. Ky paradoks u ka kushtuar jet\u00ebn mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit grat\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi e kan\u00eb pasur shum\u00eb m\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se burrat. Nj\u00eb studim nga A.C.D.C tregoi q\u00eb 72% e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb shtruar n\u00eb spital me Covid-19 mes marsit dhe majit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gra. Shum\u00eb prej tyre ishin  infermiere dhe ndihm\u00ebs- infermiere, pun\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kujdes t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ndaj pacient\u00ebve dhe shumica ishin gra dhe persona me ngjyr\u00eb. Stafi q\u00eb kryen vizita sht\u00ebpiake si dhe pastruesit e spitaleve po ashtu u s\u00ebmur\u00ebn dhe vdiq\u00ebn n\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh. Gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit, pastruesit kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb humanitare. Aleanca e Pastruesve raportoi q\u00eb 60% e pastrueseve humb\u00ebn pun\u00ebn n\u00eb maj dhe shtoi se shumica jan\u00eb emigrant t\u00eb pa dokumentuar dhe as q\u00eb mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ndihma nga qeveria. N\u00eb dhjetor, 156,000 gra humb\u00ebn vendin e pun\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa 16,000 burra u pun\u00ebsuan. Kur analizojm\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht shohim q\u00eb grat\u00eb e zeza, latine dhe aziatiko-amerikane humb\u00ebn vendet e pun\u00ebs; nd\u00ebrsa grat\u00eb e bardha u pun\u00ebsuan. Pritet q\u00eb kur k\u00ebto gra t\u00eb rikthehen n\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs do t\u00eb ken\u00eb paga edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vitin e fundit miliarder\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb jan\u00eb pasuruar p\u00ebr 1.1 trilion dollar\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht po ndodhte nj\u00eb debat pervers mbi at\u00eb se jet\u00ebn e kujt \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranueshme ta sakrifikojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar ekonomin\u00eb e vendit. N\u00eb maj Presidenti Trump pranoi q\u00eb n\u00ebse e fillojm\u00eb aktivitetin ekonomik shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb vdesin, mir\u00ebpo gjithashtu deklaroi q\u00eb \u201cduhet ta rikthejm\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb”! Vendin e kujt? Ta kthejm\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00eb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur q\u00eb po rritet d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ndryshe, nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri q\u00eb nuk n\u00ebn\u00e7mon jet\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve p\u00ebr profit t\u00eb klas\u00ebs sunduese t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga burra t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. Si\u00e7 tha Kieeange-Yamahtta Taylor ne Mars: \u201cNj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ku milioner\u00ebt kan\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta deri sa familjet e pastreha sillen rrug\u00ebve; nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ku shum\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebbohen nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mos pages\u00ebs s\u00eb qiras\u00eb, deri sa qeveria na thot\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb izolohemi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, \u00ebsht\u00eb shoq\u00ebri jo-njer\u00ebzore\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taylor b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebn e re t\u00eb aktivisteve q\u00eb po e kthejn\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen tek feminizmi i majt\u00eb  i udh\u00ebhequr nga aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb zi. Kjo rrym\u00eb feministe \u00ebsht\u00eb injoruar shpesh nga rrymat tjera t\u00eb feminizmit. N\u00eb vitin 1984, hooks e p\u00ebrmbledhi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb: \u201cShpesh reformat feministe liberale vet\u00ebm i forcojn\u00eb vlerat kapitaliste dhe materialistepa i \u00e7liruar grat\u00eb ekonomikisht.\u201d Shum\u00eb autor\u00eb t\u00eb asaj kohe, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb hooks, Angela Davis, dhe Audre Lord e kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb shpesh: Nj\u00eb feminiz\u00ebm q\u00eb injoron nevojat e grave t\u00eb varf\u00ebra, grave t\u00eb zeza, grave trans dhe gej, grave me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara apo  imigranteve \u00ebsht\u00eb feminiz\u00ebm hipokrit. K\u00ebto vrojtime po vazhdojn\u00eb nga aktivist\u00ebt e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb sociale si Taylor, adrienne maree brown, Rachel Cargle, Dean Spade, dhe Mariame Kaba. Tek k\u00ebto gjendet energjia e s\u00eb majt\u00ebsedhe pse u mungon paraja ose fuqia institucionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ende nuk e dim\u00eb se si l\u00ebvizja feministe amerikane do ta mbledh\u00eb veten dhe t\u00eb harmonizohet me mendimtar\u00ebt q\u00eb u takojn\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb margjinalizuara. \u201cReformat Liberale Feministe\u201d t\u00eb shekullit 20,n\u00eb shekullin pasardh\u00ebs u kthyen n\u00eb feminiz\u00ebm t\u00eb korporatave. Kjo rezultoi n\u00eb feminizmin e \u201cmarkave\u201d dhe \u201cslloganeve\u201d t\u00eb 10 viteve t\u00eb fundit. U krijua nj\u00eb ide q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb pozita vendimmarr\u00ebse, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura, t\u00eb fuqishme, me vullnet t\u00eb madh dhe t\u00eb harrojn\u00eb krijimin e familjes. Filloi faza e slloganeve si \u201cE ardhmja \u00ebsht\u00eb e grave\u201d, dhe \u201cVajzat b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb duan\u201d, etj.  t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb bluza dhe kapela q\u00eb shiteshin me \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, vajzat (m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht grat\u00eb) nuk b\u00ebn\u00eb mu at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb desh\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb vit. Edhe pse vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb gabim p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsimi i kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb \u201cgrave\u201d. Gjat\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej takimeve tona e pyeta Federicin: \u00e7ka n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb me fjal\u00ebn \u201cgra\u201d? \u201cP\u00ebr mua gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb kategori politike. Grat\u00eb definohen si t\u00eb gjitha ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb vuajtur prej kushteve dhe k\u00ebrkesave q\u00eb u jan\u00eb caktuar atyre historikisht. K\u00ebtu i p\u00ebrfshij edhe personat gej, trans, jo-binar\u00eb, intersex, dhe queer.\u201d Grat\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb kategori homogjene dhe grat\u00eb e ndryshme i p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb koh\u00ebt e v\u00ebshtira, si vitin 2020, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premtimet e feminizmit liberal asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta sesa tash, kur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb i madh i grave po lihen jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij verzioni. Barazia gjinore n\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore (p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim dhe paga t\u00eb barabarta) nuk u krijua asnj\u00ebher\u00eb dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kujdesit na kan\u00eb kthyer mbrapa me dekada. K\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje po t\u00ebrheqin shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje tani, jo sepse jan\u00eb ide t\u00eb reja, por se tani kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb prekin edhe grat\u00eb e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme dhe t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht grat\u00eb e bardha. Ngjash\u00ebm, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur interesimi n\u00eb socializ\u00ebm tani pasi q\u00eb kapitalizmi sapo ka filluar t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt, por sepse pun\u00ebt e pasigurta dhe mungesa e siguris\u00eb sociale po d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNuk mund t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme pa ndryshuar institucionet dhe sistemin politik dhe ekonomik i cili na strukturon jet\u00ebn\u201d \u2013 Shkruan Federici n\u00eb librin \u201cRe-Enchanting the World: Feminism and the Politics of the Commons\u201d. \u2013Ka m\u00ebnyra se si mund t\u2019i rezistojm\u00eb \u201cnj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar n\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00e7mimin e jet\u00ebve tona\u201d, argumenton ajo. Ka m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta rikthyer vler\u00ebn dhe ta vendosim aty ku e ka pasur vendin gjithmon\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u00eb nga viti 1970 e deri sot, Federici jeton n\u00eb parkun \u201cSlope\u201d. Ajo takoi Gorge Caffentzis n\u00eb vitin 1972, kur edhe filluan t\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb tyre ishte Caffentzis ai q\u00eb kryesisht gatuante, deri tash von\u00eb kur s\u00ebmundja Parkinson ia v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsoi k\u00ebt\u00eb. Tash Federici ka marr\u00eb p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr gatimin, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00eblqen m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kur ishte 20 vje\u00e7are. Ajo m\u00eb tregoi q\u00eb Caffentzis e adhuron gatimin dhe k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia q\u00eb ai kishte gjat\u00eb gatimit i ndihmoi Federicit t\u00eb shihte k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb si m\u00eb pak t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apartamenti i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbushur me qindra libra \u2013 n\u00eb rafte, n\u00ebn shtrat, n\u00ebp\u00ebr qoshe, bile edhe n\u00eb kuzhin\u00eb. Federici \u00ebsht\u00eb ende aktive edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 78 vje\u00e7are. Momentalisht \u00ebsht\u00eb duke redaktuar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr mbi d\u00ebnimet me vdekje dhe duke shkruar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb ri: \u201cPartriachy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender, and Feminism\u201d i cili do t\u00eb publikohet n\u00eb maj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr ajo shtron pyetje t\u00eb ngjashme q\u00eb ka shtruar q\u00eb nga vitet e 70-ta: \u201cPse kritikat marksiste t\u00eb kapitalizmit kan\u00eb injoruar plot\u00ebsisht pun\u00ebt e kujdesit? Cilat jan\u00eb pasojat e k\u00ebtij injorimi?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gjat\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej takimeve tona, Federici m\u00eb tregoi q\u00eb nuk kishte shkruar asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr tri vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra. N\u00ebna e saj e moshuar kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkujdesje 24 or\u00ebshe dhe Federici shkoi n\u00eb Parma q\u00eb t\u2019i ndihmoj motr\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb kujdesej p\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebn. \u201cS\u2019mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizte fare. Un\u00eb e motra kujdeseshim t\u00ebr\u00eb dit\u00ebn, mir\u00ebpo nuk mjaftonte\u201d. M\u00eb von\u00eb Federici kuptoi q\u00eb n\u00ebna e saj kishte marr\u00eb plag\u00eb nga q\u00ebndrimi n\u00eb shtrat. \u201cKurr\u00eb nuk e harroj\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebrimin dhe panikun e atij momenti.\u201d Gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebve n\u00eb vijim Federici dhe motra e saj u kujdes\u00ebn p\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebn e tyre, e ushqenin, e l\u00ebviznin gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb mos mbetej e shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb shtrat dhe e lanin. \u201cImagjino po t\u00eb kishim ndonj\u00eb struktur\u00eb n\u00eb komunitet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb na ndihmonte \u2013 kjo ishte e t\u00ebra q\u00eb  kisha n\u00eb mendje gjat\u00eb atyre dit\u00ebve. Un\u00eb jam momentalisht k\u00ebtu, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shtet. Me siguri jan\u00eb edhe mij\u00ebra gra t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb po kalojn\u00eb vuajtje t\u00eb ngjashme\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo u kthye nga un\u00eb dhe tha: \u201cPyetja q\u00ebndron tek vlera e jet\u00ebs. \u00c7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb me vler\u00eb? Ku q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb prioritetet? Pas vdekjes s\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs, Federici u kthye n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe filloi t\u00eb shkruante mbi bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gjat\u00eb 10 viteve t\u00eb fundit, Federici e ka zhvendosur fokusin e saj drejt nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta kthyer mbrapsht \u201cmbylljen\u201d \u2013 procesin p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit e gjith\u00eb bota \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cmbyllur\u201d brenda kapitalizmit, jo vet\u00ebm pronat dhe tokat, por edhe trupat tan\u00eb, koha jon\u00eb, m\u00ebnyra se si arsimohemi, sh\u00ebndeti yn\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tona, v\u00ebmendja jon\u00eb dhe mendjet tona. Si\u00e7 tha Francisco Cantu n\u00eb janar duke cituar Federicin: \u201cEdhe aft\u00ebsia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me familje \u00ebsht\u00eb materializuar nga kompanit\u00eb e teknologjis\u00eb\u201d.  Federici thot\u00eb q\u00eb \u201cila\u00e7i\u201d i k\u00ebsaj mbyllje \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb kthehemi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga \u201cbashk\u00ebsit\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBashk\u00ebsit\u00eb\u201d \u2013 u referohen burimeve (tok\u00ebs, dijes, materialit kulturor dhe intelektual) q\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb \u00e7do tregu. T\u00eb jetuarit n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi na k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb vendosim gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb jet\u00ebs jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb eksploatimit kapitalist. Joshja e \u201cbashk\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kudo p\u00ebrderisa ka vullnet n\u00eb at\u00eb komunitet: nj\u00eb tok\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e pabanuar mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl; shqet\u00ebsimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb nj\u00eb lagjeje mund t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb klinike lokale t\u00eb drejtuar nga vet lagjja; pun\u00ebt e kujdesit mund t\u00eb ndahen mes familjareve etj. \u201cNuk keni nevoj\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebr leje\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar bashk\u00ebsi, thot\u00eb David Bollier,\u201cNuk  duhet t\u00eb njihni lobist\u00eb dhe avokues n\u00eb Washington, nuk duhet t\u00eb jeni ekspert. E keni lirin\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni di\u00e7ka vet nga resurset q\u00eb keni n\u00eb komunitet\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00ebnyrat se si nj\u00eb komunitet i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb duket jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb larmishme sa vet komunitetet e ndryshme. S\u00eb fundmi, nj\u00eb grup programer\u00ebsh ndihmuan disa familjeve t\u00eb organizojn\u00eb online kujdesjen e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Rjetet e ndihm\u00ebs reciproke kan\u00eb lul\u00ebzuar gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb: Duke p\u00ebrdorur Google Doc, fqinj\u00ebt mund t\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb kan\u00eb dhe at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb iu nevojitet, duke formuar (ose shp\u00ebrfaqur) lidhje simbiotike mes vet fqinj\u00ebve.  K\u00ebto shk\u00ebmbime jan\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta: n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb pun\u00ebsoni nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor, nj\u00eb fqinj mund t\u00eb ju ndihmoj t\u00eb instaloni ventilatorin; n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, ju mund t\u00eb ndihmoni at\u00eb ose nj\u00eb fqinj tjet\u00ebr rreth taksave, kujdesit ndaj kafsh\u00ebve apo kopshtaris\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 donacioneve p\u00ebr organizatat e m\u00ebdha jofitimprur\u00ebse ju mundeni gjithashtu t\u2019i p\u00ebrgjigjeni thirrjeve t\u00eb rrjeteve lokale p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar nj\u00ebrin nga fqinj\u00ebt t\u00eb paguaj\u00eb qiran\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa po b\u00ebjm\u00eb presion ndaj qeveris\u00eb dhe organizatave tjera t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen e resurseve t\u00eb nevojshme, komuniteti juaj mund t\u00eb bashkohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb grumbulloj\u00eb dhe rris\u00eb resurset q\u00eb tashm\u00eb i ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federici thekson q\u00eb komunitetet indigjene shpesh kan\u00eb qen\u00eb ata q\u00eb krijuan dhe p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn \u201dbashk\u00ebsit\u00eb\u201d. Ajo flet p\u00ebr \u201cmbrojt\u00ebsit e ujit\u201d n\u00eb Amazon, “L\u00ebvizjen e Personave pa Tok\u00eb n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb Jugore\u201d, kopshtet urbane n\u00eb Ghana dhe grat\u00eb n\u00eb Kili q\u00eb bashkuan dhe ndan\u00eb resurset e tyre ushqimore gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb. \u201cNuk jan\u00eb komunitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb industrializuara, por komunitetet m\u00eb kohezive ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019u rezistojn\u00eb dhe n\u00eb disa rast edhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin val\u00ebn e p\u00ebrhapur t\u00eb privatizimit\u201d \u2013 shkruan ajo n\u00eb \u201cPatriarchy of the Wage\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj<\/strong>\u00eb nga shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb Federicit p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb jan\u00eb protestat e fisit \u201cStanding Rock Sioux\u201d n\u00eb 2016 dhe 2017.  Deri sa ishin duke protestuar nj\u00eb projekt privatizimi, ata nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb rrjet kampesh ku ofruan ushqim, strehim dhe siguri p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra protestues. Edhe n\u00eb dim\u00ebr. Ata krijuan edhe nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb, duke e ditur q\u00eb n\u00ebse familje t\u00eb t\u00ebra do t\u00eb protestonin, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt do t\u00eb kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdes si dhe arsimim. Ata i shnd\u00ebrruan k\u00ebto kampe n\u00eb komunitete afatgjata t\u00eb jetueshme. Kjo u lejoi t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBashk\u00ebsit\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme dhe t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb qenurit pjes\u00eb e di\u00e7kaje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se jeta jon\u00eb individuale\u201d \u2013 shkruan Federici. \u201cKrijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk po banojm\u00eb si t\u00eb huaj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb, ndjenj\u00eb q\u00eb kapitalizmi mundohet ta shtyj\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, mir\u00ebpo kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sht\u00ebpia jon\u00eb\u201d. \u201cE majta shum\u00eb shpesh nuk e njeh forc\u00ebn e komuniteteve\u201d \u2013 i tha Federici autores Astra Taylor n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2019. Politikat e Federicit  theksojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb revolucionare p\u00ebr t\u2019u th\u00ebn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve se ata mund t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshim aty ku jan\u00eb, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, n\u00eb supermarket, n\u00eb kish\u00eb apo n\u00eb strehimore. \u201cJeta e p\u00ebrditshme \u00ebsht\u00eb terreni kryesor i ndryshimit shoq\u00ebror.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur Federici imagjinon nj\u00eb bot\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, shkruan p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si veprimi kolektiv e transformues mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet me magjin\u00eb e natyr\u00ebs e cila rigjenerohet vazhdimisht. K\u00ebshtu ajo vazhdon ta mbaj\u00eb parkun Prospect si shembull t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb, mund\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe bukuris\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt vitin e kaluar e pyeta se \u00e7ka e b\u00ebnte t\u00eb ndiente magjin\u00eb e bot\u00ebs, ajo tha: \u201cKjo!!\u201d. Tundi duart rreth e rrotull n\u00eb aj\u00ebr, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb me gisht nga pem\u00ebt, zogjt\u00eb, papast\u00ebrtit\u00eb  dhe balt\u00ebn ku po luanin disa f\u00ebmij\u00eb.\u201d Asaj iu rrudhen syt\u00eb prapa mask\u00ebs \u201ckrijimtaria e natyr\u00ebs m\u00eb magjeps\u00eb. Vet njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb magjepsin.\u201d Kur shp\u00ebrtheva duke qeshur me mosbesim, ajo protestoi: \u201cKa v\u00ebrtet\u00eb shum\u00eb bukuri, bujari dhe guxim tek njer\u00ebzit\u201d. Ka ende g\u00ebzim, e shoh, ka ende shum\u00eb bukuri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb. Dhe shpresoj k\u00ebto bukuri t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb mbi ata q\u00eb duan ta kontrollojn\u00eb dhe cop\u00ebtojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E p\u00ebrktheu: Donjeta Morina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intervist\u00ebn origjinale mund ta gjeni n\u00eb The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1044,"template":"","class_list":["post-914","lexo-post","type-lexo-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIzolimi shp\u00ebrfaqi shfryt\u00ebzimin e grave nga sistemi ekonomik. Federici e ka parapar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00eb moti. - QIKA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/qika.org\/lexime\/izolimi-shperfaqi-shfrytezimin-e-grave-nga-sistemi-ekonomik-federici-e-ka-parapare-kete-qe-moti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Izolimi shp\u00ebrfaqi shfryt\u00ebzimin e grave nga sistemi ekonomik. 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