Pothuajse gjysma e t\u00eb gjitha grave n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs p\u00ebrballen me ndonj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb zemr\u00ebs. Asnj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim tjet\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr grat\u00eb sesa rreziku kardiovaskular. N\u00eb fakt, nj\u00eb nga pes\u00eb vdekjet e grave n\u00eb vitin 2021 ishte p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por, pavar\u00ebsisht rrezikut q\u00eb paraqesin p\u00ebr grat\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare jan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb nga s\u00ebmundjet m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb hapa p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar rrezikun. M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb njoh\u00ebsh zakonet e jetes\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ulin rrezikun dhe t’i p\u00ebrfshish ato n\u00eb jet\u00ebn t\u00ebnde sa m\u00eb her\u00ebt t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cNe e dim\u00eb q\u00eb dieta e sh\u00ebndetshme dhe ushtrimet fizike duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb shtylla kryesore e sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs\u201d, thot\u00eb Kathryn Lindley, nj\u00eb kardiologe n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Mjek\u00ebsore t\u00eb Universitetit Vanderbilt. Pastaj jan\u00eb zakonet q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shmangen, si pirja e duhanit dhe konsumimi i tep\u00ebrt i alkoolit, p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs si dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pas s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, shkaktari i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i madh i vdekjeve t\u00eb grave n\u00eb SHBA \u00ebsht\u00eb kanceri. P\u00ebrderisa nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb testohen t\u00eb gjitha llojet e kancerit, ekzistojn\u00eb skriningje p\u00ebr tre llojet q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb vdekje nga kanceri te grat\u00eb, si kanceri i gjirit, mushk\u00ebrive dhe kolorektal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lajmi i mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se mos pirja e duhanit, ushqimi i sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm dhe ushtrimet e rregullta gjithashtu ulin rrezikun e pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha llojeve t\u00eb kancerit. Ky stil i jetes\u00ebs gjithashtu zvog\u00eblon gjasat p\u00ebr zhvillimin e \u00e7rregullimeve metabolike, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb obeziteti dhe diabeti i tipit 2, dy s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb po d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb grat\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00eb 20-at<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb 20-at tek nj\u00eb grua jan\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb themel t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin n\u00eb dekadat e ardhshme. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton krijimin e zakoneve t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme, t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni p\u00ebr historin\u00eb mjek\u00ebsore t\u00eb familjes dhe gjetjen e nj\u00eb ofruesi t\u00eb kujdesit par\u00ebsor \u201cq\u00eb ju i besoni dhe q\u00eb di se t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e trupit tuaj jan\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura\u201d, thot\u00eb Stacey Rosen, nj\u00eb kardiologe n\u00eb Northwell Health n\u00eb New York. Ky ofrues mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb mjek familjar, nj\u00eb gjinekolog, ose nj\u00eb infermier. Ajo q\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia q\u00eb krijoni me ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Edhe pse shumica e skriningjeve p\u00ebr kancer fillojn\u00eb n\u00eb mesmosh\u00eb t\u00eb grave, parandalimi p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb lloj t\u00eb kancerit fillon n\u00eb t\u00eb 20-at. Arsyeja e vetme q\u00eb kanceri i qaf\u00ebs s\u00eb mitr\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb shkak kryesor i vdekjeve t\u00eb grave \u00ebsht\u00eb kombinimi i skriningjeve p\u00ebr kancerin e qaf\u00ebs s\u00eb mitr\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat fillojn\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 21 vje\u00e7, dhe vaksin\u00ebs kund\u00ebr infeksionit papillomavirus (HPV), e cila parandalon jo vet\u00ebm kancerin e qaf\u00ebs s\u00eb mitr\u00ebs, por edhe kanceret e vulv\u00ebs, vagin\u00ebs, goj\u00ebs dhe anusit. Shkalla e kancerit t\u00eb qaf\u00ebs s\u00eb mitr\u00ebs dhe kancerit t\u00eb goj\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur tek grat\u00eb e mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme, por vaksina HPV, e rekomanduar deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 26 vje\u00e7 dhe n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr grat\u00eb deri n\u00eb t\u00eb 40-at, ka potencialin p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndryshuar k\u00ebto trende n\u00eb vitet e ardhshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb 30-at<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Derisa shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb familje n\u00eb t\u00eb 20-at e tyre, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr n\u00eb rritje i grave presin deri n\u00eb t\u00eb 30-at p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbetur shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb. N\u00ebse jeni duke planifikuar nj\u00eb shtatz\u00ebni, fillimisht duhet biseduar me gjinekologun tuaj p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb mbeteni shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb “k\u00ebshtu ju mund t\u00eb shihni se \u00e7far\u00eb ju nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoni sh\u00ebndetin tuaj p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb mbeteni shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb”, thot\u00eb Jill Rabin, nj\u00eb gjinekolog n\u00eb Northwell Health n\u00eb Nju Jork. N\u00ebse shtatz\u00ebnia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e planeve tuaja, \u201cat\u00ebher\u00eb ju duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni kontracepsion n\u00ebse jeni duke kryer marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie seksuale\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb tuaj, keni parasysh se sa e ngusht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja midis sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe sh\u00ebndetit riprodhues te grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se pikat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme riprodhuese n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb, si shtatz\u00ebnia dhe menopauza, jan\u00eb v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me sh\u00ebndetin ton\u00eb kardiovaskular”, thot\u00eb Lindley. Disa nga komplikimet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, si pre-eklampsia, diabeti gestacional dhe lindja e parakohshme, rrisin rrezikun e s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe goditjes n\u00eb tru m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMos harroni se si k\u00ebta faktor\u00eb jan\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar dhe trajtuar rrezikun afatgjat\u00eb kardiovaskular, q\u00eb rrjedhimisht mban njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb rrug\u00eb drejt sh\u00ebndetit afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb 40-at<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur grat\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb 40-at, rreziku i tyre p\u00ebr kancer dhe s\u00ebmundje kardiovaskulare fillon t\u00eb rritet. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar sh\u00ebndetin tuaj aktual dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar at\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb menopauz\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb kur b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb humbni pesh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb flini mjaftuesh\u00ebm, thot\u00eb Rosen. “\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb prioretizuar tensionin e gjakut, kolesterolin, pesh\u00ebn dhe aktivitetin fizik”, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar kontrollet p\u00ebr kancerin e gjirit dhe t\u00eb zorr\u00ebs s\u00eb trash\u00eb. N\u00ebse keni histori familjare t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kancereve, ndoshta keni filluar t\u00eb b\u00ebni kontrolle disa vite m\u00eb her\u00ebt. Por shumica e grave duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb mamografin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 40 vje\u00e7 dhe pastaj t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t’i b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00e7do dy vjet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kontrollet p\u00ebr kancerin e zorr\u00ebs s\u00eb trash\u00eb fillojn\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 45 vje\u00e7, dhe megjith\u00ebse grat\u00eb kan\u00eb disa mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr kontrollet e kancerit kolorektal, m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr parandalim \u00ebsht\u00eb me kolonoskopi, thot\u00eb Rajeev Jain, nj\u00eb gastroenterolog n\u00eb Texas Digestive Consultants n\u00eb Dallas. “Ndoshta 90% e vdekjeve nga kanceri kolorektal jan\u00eb t\u00eb parandalueshme n\u00ebse do t’i kishim kontrolluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur dhe do t\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb kolonoskopi t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb”, thot\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb 50-at<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dekada e pest\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb grave zakonisht dominohet nga menopauza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duke filluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb mesatare prej 51 vje\u00e7, menopauza ndodh kur nj\u00eb grua nuk ka pasur menstruacione p\u00ebr t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb vit. Menopauza dhe perimenopauza, periudha nga fillimi i simptomave deri n\u00eb ndalimin e menstruacioneve, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do sistem brenda trupit t\u00eb nj\u00eb gruaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Rrug\u00ebtimi i \u00e7do personi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndryshe”, thot\u00eb Asima Ahmad, nj\u00eb specialiste e endokrinologjis\u00eb riprodhuese dhe fertilitetit dhe shefe e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Carrot Fertility, por nd\u00ebr ndryshimet q\u00eb grat\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti jan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb gjum\u00eb, val\u00ebt e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, djersitjet gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, lodhja, metabolizmi i ngadal\u00ebsuar, ndryshimet e humorit, that\u00ebsia vaginale, shtimi n\u00eb pesh\u00eb, dhimbjet e kok\u00ebs, ndryshimet n\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00ebn seksuale dhe problemet me p\u00ebrqendrimin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dy nga k\u00ebto simptoma, val\u00ebt e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe djersitjet gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb tregues t\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e grave n\u00eb t\u00eb 40-at, si s\u00ebmundjet e zemr\u00ebs. Grat\u00eb n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 60 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr dhe intensitet m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb val\u00ebve t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe djersitjeve gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs kan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr infarkt t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ose goditje n\u00eb tru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb 60-at<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sh\u00ebndeti i zemr\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb vazhdoj t\u00eb jet\u00eb fokusi p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 60 vje\u00e7 dhe m\u00eb tej. Nj\u00eb diet\u00eb e sh\u00ebndetshme, aktivitetet aerobike dhe ushtrimet p\u00ebr forcimin e muskujve, t\u00eb cilat gjithashtu mbrojn\u00eb eshtrat tuaja n\u00eb momentet kur fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebsohen, mbeten pjes\u00ebt ky\u00e7e p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e zemr\u00ebs dhe trurit. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb njihni nj\u00eb infarkt n\u00ebse ndodh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Grat\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb kan\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrje t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, q\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me dhimbje n\u00eb gjoks, dhimbje n\u00eb kurriz, dhe nj\u00eb lodhje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u injoruar”, thot\u00eb Rosen. “N\u00ebse di\u00e7ka nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull, kontrollohuni sepse kjo periudh\u00eb fillon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e rrezikshme p\u00ebr grat\u00eb”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e trupit q\u00eb meriton v\u00ebmendje \u00ebsht\u00eb pelvisi. Ndoshta keni d\u00ebgjuar se duhet t\u00eb “b\u00ebni ushtrimin Kegel”, por shum\u00eb gra nuk e kuptojn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht sa e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb shtr\u00ebngimi i muskujve pelvik. Muskujt pelvik mb\u00ebshtesin fshikz\u00ebn, mitr\u00ebn dhe zorr\u00ebt, dhe p\u00ebrforcojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat vaginale, uretrale dhe anale. Me kalimin e mosh\u00ebs, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse keni pasur shtatz\u00ebni, k\u00ebta muskuj gradualisht mund t\u00eb dob\u00ebsohen, duke rritur rrezikun e r\u00ebnj\u00ebs s\u00eb organeve pelvike. Rreziku b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb i madh pas menopauz\u00ebs, me humbjen e estrogenit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u00ebnia e organeve pelvike, ku nj\u00eb apo m\u00eb shum\u00eb organe pelvike shtrihen n\u00eb vagin\u00eb, ndodh n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e grave, dhe mosp\u00ebrmbajtja urinare q\u00eb lidhet me dob\u00ebsimin e muskujve pelvik \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja kryesore p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn grat\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuar, thot\u00eb Rabin. Por ju mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni ushtrime p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar k\u00ebto muskuj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Un\u00eb rekomandoj q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb forc\u00ebn e muskujve pelvik \u00e7do dekad\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, dhe k\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse e mbajn\u00eb at\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur, ata kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb ken\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb organeve dhe mosp\u00ebrmbajtje urinare”, thot\u00eb Rabin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto rekomandime ju duken shum\u00eb, p\u00ebrqendrohuni n\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb fillimisht. Askush nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb zakonet brenda nj\u00eb nate, por \u00e7do ndryshim pozitiv \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hap drejt nj\u00eb jete m\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n