Grat\u00eb negociojn\u00eb me frik\u00ebn dhe rreziqet p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave publike n\u00eb \u00e7do qytet t\u00eb bot\u00ebs (UNWOMEN, 2020). Por, ky shkrim nuk flet p\u00ebr krejt grat\u00eb, meqen\u00ebse n\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs ato nuk e kan\u00eb fare t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira publike pa mbik\u00ebqyrjen e kujdestarit burr\u00eb, apo pa i ndjekur udh\u00ebzimet strikte p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e hap\u00ebsirave publike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Me hap\u00ebsir\u00eb publike, <\/em>p\u00ebr nevojat e k\u00ebtij shkrimi, n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha hap\u00ebsirat fizike t\u00eb qytetit n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi publike ose q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit publik, t\u00eb qasshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb falas pa ndonj\u00eb motiv profiti. K\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: parqet, rrug\u00ebt, sheshet, stacionet e autobus\u00ebve, etj. Poashtu, k\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira nuk jan\u00eb neutrale ndaj gjinis\u00eb por i reflektojn\u00eb dhe riprodhojn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e pushtetit n\u00eb mes tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00ebshtu, meq\u00eb burrat kan\u00eb pushtet disproporcional ndaj grave n\u00eb \u00e7do sfer\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore, ky pushtet ushtrohet duke ua cenuar grave edhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e hap\u00ebsirave publike, me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb potencialin q\u00eb ato e ofrojn\u00eb. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, jo t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb e g\u00ebzojn\u00eb privilegjin e pjes\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn publike. T\u00eb ecin ku t\u00eb d<\/em><\/strong>uan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb inspiruara prej autoreve feministe t\u00eb cilat e shpjegojn\u00eb sesi strukturat e pushtetit t\u00eb imponuara prej patriarkalizmit manifestohen n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e hap\u00ebsirave publike, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar numri i studimeve q\u00eb fokusohen n\u00eb shp\u00ebrfaqjen e p\u00ebrvojave t\u00eb grave me hap\u00ebsirat publike nd\u00ebrsa rezultatet e tyre tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjendje alarmante p\u00ebr grat\u00eb (Viswanath et. al., 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb frik\u00ebs prej t\u00eb qenit viktima, grat\u00eb dhe vajzat vazhdimisht i shmangin hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb qytete. Grat\u00eb marrin vazhdimisht vendimet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrrimin e rrug\u00ebve apo zgjedhjen e vendit n\u00eb transport publik si pjes\u00eb e vendimeve t\u00eb tyre strategjike p\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur ngacmimit seksual dhe formave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs me baz\u00eb gjinore. (Gray & Kelly, 2020) Ngjash\u00ebm, si pjes\u00eb e sjelljes s\u00eb tyre \u2018shmang\u00ebse\u2019, grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrrojn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn kur shohin nj\u00eb grup burrash apo nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb dominuar prej tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nga nd\u00ebrrimi i rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebr n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi te zgjedhja e vendeve n\u00eb transportin publik, tek p\u00ebrdorimi i kufjeve dhe syzeve t\u00eb diellit si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u ndjer\u00eb t\u00eb padukshme; grat\u00eb dhe vajzat n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn po marrin rregullisht vendime strategjike p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur ngacmimet seksuale dhe forma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale (Gray & Kelly, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb duan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Perceptimi mbi sigurin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrvojat e shpeshta me ngacmim ndikojn\u00eb negativisht n\u00eb aktivitetin e grave n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat publike duke ua pamund\u00ebsuar edhe aktivitetet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e tyre si ato sportive. Nj\u00eb studim i realizuar me grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat vrapojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebruara tregon sesi grat\u00eb ndihen t\u00eb turp\u00ebruara nga v\u00ebmendja e pad\u00ebshiruar si dhe vazhdimisht t\u00eb zem\u00ebruara q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb vraponin pa u ngacmuar. Frika m\u00eb e madhe e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga t\u00eb vrapuarit n\u00eb agim apo n\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje prej p\u00ebrdhunimit potencial.(Roper, 2016). <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Grat\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb lirin\u00eb t\u00eb vesh\u00ebn ashtu si\u00e7 d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat publike, meqen\u00ebse kufizimi i veshjes \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb rutinore e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndjer\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta. <\/em><\/strong>Puna rutinore e grave p\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur rreziqeve, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb sjellje vigjilente dhe t\u00eb alarmuar, shmangie t\u00eb aktiviteteve t\u00eb cilat ndodhin nat\u00ebn, ndryshim t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs trupore, kufizim t\u00eb veshjes n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira publike p\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur v\u00ebmendjes s\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmblidhet n\u00eb termin \u2018puna p\u00ebr siguri\u2019 (safety work<\/em>). (Lennox, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00eb dalin kur t\u00eb duan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient t\u00eb err\u00ebsuar njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb frik\u00ebs q\u00eb di\u00e7ka mund t\u2019iu ndodh\u00eb. Hap\u00ebsirat publike q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uara kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb perceptohen si t\u00eb pasigurta meqen\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi ta v\u00ebzhgojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, p\u00ebr grat\u00eb edhe pse prezenca e dritave ndikon pozitivisht n\u00eb perceptimin e tyre mbi sigurin\u00eb vetanake, frika prej dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb baz\u00eb gjinore dominon si faktor q\u00eb ua pamund\u00ebson shfryt\u00ebzimin e hap\u00ebsirave publike nat\u00ebn si dhe n\u00eb agim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Frika prej p\u00ebrdhunimit seksual apo sulmeve seksuale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb e frik\u00ebs m\u00eb specifike p\u00ebr grat\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb prej formave m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs me baz\u00eb gjinore. Faktor\u00ebt psikologjik dhe mjedisor q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me nivelin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb frik\u00ebs e p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb perceptimin e grave p\u00ebr rrezikun e madh t\u00eb t\u00eb qenit viktim\u00eb e nj\u00eb shum\u00ebsie t\u00eb krimeve (specifikisht p\u00ebrdhunimin) q\u00eb e shkakton nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb permanente t\u00eb pafuqis\u00eb fizike, dhe dob\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrformon s\u00eb bashku me hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn” (Riger & Gordon, 1981). P\u00ebrdhunimi dhe v\u00ebmendja seksuale e pad\u00ebshiruar jan\u00eb forma t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale q\u00eb grat\u00eb i p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat publike, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb autostrada, stacione treni, institucione arsimore, vendet e biznesit, tualete publike, tregjet dhe zonat e parkut (UN Women, 2020, Roper. et. al., 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Si\u00e7 e kan\u00eb ilustruar edhe studimet e cituara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim, frika prej dhun\u00ebs me baz\u00eb gjinore dominon n\u00eb hierarkin\u00eb e faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e grave n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e hap\u00ebsirave publike. Kjo tregon q\u00eb po aq v\u00ebmendje sa duhet t\u2019i ipet rregullimit t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve objektiv t\u00eb siguris\u00eb si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ndri\u00e7imi, duhet punuar drejt\u00eb \u00e7\u2019normalizimit t\u00eb formave t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs me baz\u00eb gjinore q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pranueshme n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn me t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive. Pa pasur ndryshime rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb mes t\u00eb gjinive, hap\u00ebsirat publike nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta p\u00ebr grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n UN-Women (2021). Creating safe and empowering public spaces with women and girls. UN women \u2013 Headquarters. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/endingviolence-against-women\/creating-safe-public-spaces (02.07.2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Viswanath, K., & Mehrotra, S. T. (2007). \u201cShall We Go out?\u201d women\u2019s Safety in Public Spaces in Delhi. ResearchGate. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/4419521<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lennox, R. A. (2021b). \u201cThere\u2019s girls who can fight, and there\u2019s girls who are innocent\u201d: Gendered Safekeeping as virtue maintenance work. Violence Against women, 28(2), 641\u2013663.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Roper, E. A. (2016). Concerns for personal safety among female recreational runners. women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 24(2), 91\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/wspaj.2015-0013<\/p>\n\n\n\n Riger, S., & Gordon, M. J. (1981). The Fear of Rape: A Study in Social Control. Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), 71\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01071.x<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7505,"template":"","class_list":["post-7753","perspective-post","type-perspective-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Nd\u00ebrkaq s\u00eb fundi, punimet hulumtuese po i dokumentojn\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb gj\u00ebrash q\u00eb grat\u00eb nuk mund t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat publike si:<\/p>\n\n\n\n