\u201cPuna e papaguar\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb term vetshpjegues. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve i referohet pun\u00ebs ose sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb personat ofrojn\u00eb pa marr\u00eb kompensim monetar. Puna e papaguar merr forma t\u00eb ndryshme, ku nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshtat jan\u00eb pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e kujdesit. Si e till\u00eb, n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ku grave u imponohet izolimi n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira private, barra e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar r\u00ebndon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale mbi to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebrtej lodhjes fizike e mendore, implikimet e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar prejn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrmes \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve ekonomike e sociale, n\u00eb nivel individual, familjar e shtet\u00ebror. Shpesh koha dhe energjia e grave e shpenzuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguaru kufizon atyre mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u angazhuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar me orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb a pjessh\u00ebm. Sipas Anket\u00ebs s\u00eb Fuqis\u00eb Pun\u00ebtore 2022<\/a>, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb arsyet e t\u00eb punuarit me orar t\u00eb pjessh\u00ebm dallojn\u00eb midis burrave dhe grave, k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit, pohojn\u00eb se marrja p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr e rolit t\u00eb kujdestares brenda familjes u redukton or\u00ebt n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb prej ilustrimeve t\u00eb qasjes s\u00eb kufizuar t\u00eb grave n\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Por edhe n\u00eb rastet kur grat\u00eb pun\u00ebsohen, ajo q\u00eb njihet si \u201cnd\u00ebrrimi i dyt\u00eb\u201d[1]<\/a> zakonisht i \u00e7on ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb me dy destinacione: aty ku p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebs me angazhime familjare shihen si t\u00eb pa p\u00ebrkushtuara profesionalisht, ose aty ku fenomeni i t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyerit n\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cdy nd\u00ebrrimet\u201d p\u00ebrfundon me rraskapitje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vitit 2022, p\u00ebrqindja e pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb grave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 18%, n\u00eb krahasim me at\u00eb t\u00eb burrave n\u00eb 49%. N\u00eb vitet 2021 e 2020 k\u00ebto p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb grave ishin edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, me 16% e 14% respektivisht. Megjithat\u00eb, faktori shokues q\u00ebndron pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zb\u00ebrthimin e k\u00ebtij 18 p\u00ebrqind\u00ebshi. T\u00eb vetmet fusha ku grat\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim m\u00eb shum\u00eb se burrat jan\u00eb arsimi (22% e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarave jan\u00eb gra, nd\u00ebrsa 6.6% jan\u00eb burra) si dhe aktivitetet e sh\u00ebndetit njer\u00ebzor dhe pun\u00ebs sociale (14.6% jan\u00eb gra, nd\u00ebrsa 3.1% jan\u00eb burra). Kjo shp\u00ebrfaq m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si rolet tradicionale gjinore t\u00eb privates reflektohen pik\u00eb p\u00ebr pik\u00eb edhe n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn publike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mir\u00ebpo, p\u00ebrpos rolit individual e familjar n\u00eb zhvendosjen nga nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje e pabarabart\u00eb e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, nga rolet tradicionale n\u00eb ato gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse, shteti dhe politikat publike paraqesin faktor ky\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aktualisht, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb puna e papaguar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi njihet n\u00eb rastet e ndarjes s\u00eb pron\u00ebs. Bazuar n\u00eb nenin 54, pika 1, nga Ligji p\u00ebr Familjen i Kosov\u00ebs<\/a>, vendimet e gjykatave me rastin e vendosjes n\u00eb kontestet p\u00ebr pron\u00ebn e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u201cduhen t\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb kontributin e bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebve, p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrethanave dhe jo duke marr\u00eb parasysh vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ardhurat personale dhe t\u00eb hyrat e tjera t\u00eb secilit bashk\u00ebshort, por edhe ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00ebrit prej bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebve t\u00eb ofruar bashk\u00ebshortit tjet\u00ebr, si kujdesin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, udh\u00ebheqjen e pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, p\u00ebrkujdesjen dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjen e pasuris\u00eb si dhe \u00e7far\u00ebdo forme tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit lidhur me administrimin, mir\u00ebmbajtjen dhe shtimin e pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, tejzgjatja e proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb rastet e divorceve mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb negativisht tek grat\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr rregullimi i pushimit prind\u00ebror e angazhimi p\u00ebr ofrim t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt l\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar kur flasim p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje m\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sipas Ligjit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs<\/a>, grave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u takojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 12 muaj pushim pas lindjes, me n\u00ebnt\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre muajve q\u00eb kompensohen financiarisht. Burrave u takojn\u00eb tre dit\u00eb, pra vet\u00ebm 72 or\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej arsyeve pse grat\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb hasin n\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb karrier\u00ebs, gj\u00eb e cila \u00a0mund t\u00eb pengoj\u00eb zhvillimin e nj\u00eb trajektoreje t\u00eb vazhdueshme dhe progresive profesionale. K\u00ebto boshll\u00ebqe n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim gabimisht p\u00ebrkthehen si munges\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtimi, q\u00eb rrjedhimisht u v\u00ebshtir\u00ebson grave p\u00ebrparimin n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim e arritjen n\u00eb pozita udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sipas anket\u00ebs<\/a> nga UBO Consulting p\u00ebr IPS Musine Kokalari, 72% e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs besojn\u00eb se baballar\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb marrin 4 deri 6 muaj pushim prind\u00ebror dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb foshnj\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb kishin pasoja n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs (shk\u00ebputje e kontrat\u00ebs ose largim nga puna) dhe n\u00ebse qeveria do ta p\u00ebrkrahte financiarisht pushimin prind\u00ebror. Kjo gjetje tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb trend pozitiv t\u00eb ides\u00eb mbi ndarjen e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive t\u00eb kujdesit mes prind\u00ebrve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nd\u00ebrkaq, numri i ul\u00ebt i \u00e7erdheve dhe politikave afirmative n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ofrimit t\u00eb kujdesit vet\u00ebm sa p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb situat\u00ebn e krijuar nga qasja e kufizuar e grave n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs. Sipas hulumtimit \u201cWho Cares<\/a>\u201d nga Rrjeti i Grave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve t\u00eb anketuar vareshin nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e familjes q\u00eb ofronin sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb kujdesit pa pages\u00eb. Kjo munges\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb kujdesit ngarkon edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb grat\u00eb, t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara e t\u00eb papun\u00ebsuara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Edhe pse puna e papaguar nuk hyn\u00eb n\u00eb llogaritjet e Bruto Produktit Vendor (BPV), hulumtimi<\/a> nga Instituti Musine Kokalari gjen se vlera e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson 33% t\u00eb BPV-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Meqen\u00ebse kjo pun\u00eb nuk konsiderohet si kontribut zyrtar n\u00eb ekonomi, grat\u00eb si personat q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb saj (6.2 or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb ose 44% m\u00eb shum\u00eb se burrat, sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit hulumtim nga IMK) nuk marrin p\u00ebrfitime si pensioni kontributiv. Sipas analiz\u00ebs gjinore, \u201cBuxhetimi p\u00ebr Mir\u00ebqenie Sociale<\/a>\u201d nga Rrjeti i Grave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, mesatarisht, grat\u00eb kosovare p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 67% t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesve t\u00eb pensionit baz\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm 14.5% t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesve t\u00eb pensionit kontributiv. Kjo mir\u00ebmban mjaft fort sistemin n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin grat\u00eb varen financiarisht nga partneri a familjar\u00ebt tjer\u00eb, sistem me vazhdim\u00ebsi t\u00eb papenguar, nga lindja e deri n\u00eb vdekje. Kjo var\u00ebsi zbeh autonomin\u00eb dhe fuqin\u00eb vendimmarr\u00ebse t\u00eb grave, duke ndikuar n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme ekonomike e duke p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsuar pabarazit\u00eb gjinore n\u00eb familje e shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Norma e ligji ku vet\u00ebm grat\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr kujdesin e familjar\u00ebve e pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb jan\u00eb armiq t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr barazi. E n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb gjitha shifrat e argumentet tregojn\u00eb se puna e papaguar \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr funksionimin e shoq\u00ebrive. Si fillim, njohja dhe kuptimi i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb papaguar me doemos duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb prioritete n\u00eb \u00e7do diskutim rreth politikave sociale dhe ekonomike. Ashtu si k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr ndarjen e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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