{"id":4838,"date":"2022-11-01T11:15:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T10:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qika.org\/?post_type=thelle-post&p=4838"},"modified":"2022-11-27T19:48:14","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T18:48:14","slug":"grate-e-padukshme","status":"publish","type":"thelle-post","link":"https:\/\/qika.org\/en\/thelle-post\/grate-e-padukshme\/","title":{"rendered":"Grat\u00eb e padukshme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Grat\u00eb rome, ashkalike dhe egjiptiane jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb cenueshme n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb dhe historikisht jan\u00eb trajtuar si qytetare t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit. Ato p\u00ebrballen \u00e7do dit\u00eb me p\u00ebrbuzje, armiq\u00ebsi dhe diskriminim shoq\u00ebror e institucional. Ky hulumtim i realizuar nga QIKA shqyrton natyr\u00ebn nd\u00ebrsektoriale t\u00eb sfidave me t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballen grat\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve dhe v\u00eb n\u00eb pah faktin se ato jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb prekura nga varf\u00ebria dhe p\u00ebrjashtimi, sepse p\u00ebrballen me diskriminim n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta; edhe si gra, edhe si an\u00ebtare t\u00eb nj\u00eb komuniteti t\u00eb margjinalizuar etnik. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, tradita e martesave t\u00eb hershme rrit rrezikun e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar varf\u00ebrin\u00eb, p\u00ebrjashtimin social dhe dhun\u00ebn me baz\u00eb gjinore, si dhe minon mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e shkollimit, pun\u00ebsimit e pavar\u00ebsimit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTregtia do t\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatej m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti si profesion, sepse gjat\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb i ndihmoja n\u00ebn\u00ebs sime me shitjen e qum\u00ebshtit dhe djathit, t\u00eb cilin ajo e b\u00ebnte vet\u00eb nga dhent\u00eb dhe lop\u00ebt q\u00eb i kishim\u201d, thot\u00eb Maja Paqanki, nj\u00eb 67-vje\u00e7are egjiptiane nga Gjakova, teksa fliste p\u00ebr d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr shkollim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo \u00ebnd\u00ebrr nuk iu realizua asnj\u00ebher\u00eb, meqen\u00ebse babai i saj nuk e lejoi q\u00eb t\u00eb shkollohej. K\u00ebshtu Maja nuk kishte shkuar n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb as edhe nj\u00eb dit\u00eb. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-vje\u00e7are ajo kishte filluar t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb tjerrtore t\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs \u201cEmin Duraku\u201d, vend ku punonin edhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb reja e t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb Gjakov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur Maja mbushi 18 vjet, vendosi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulej p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb Gjermani, ku q\u00ebndronte te tezja e vet dhe punonte si mir\u00ebmbajt\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani private. \u201cN\u00eb fillim ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, pasi nuk dija shkrim dhe lexim as n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe e l\u00ebre m\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane, por kisha ndihm\u00ebn e tezes sime, e cila punonte bashk\u00eb me mua\u201d, shpjegon Maja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disa vite pas, n\u00ebna e Majas ishte s\u00ebmur\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe ajo u detyrua t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Pas nj\u00eb kohe ballafaqimi me s\u00ebmundje, n\u00ebna e saj nd\u00ebrroi jet\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu barra e pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrkujdesja p\u00ebr familjen i kaloi e gjitha Maj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUn\u00eb si f\u00ebmija i par\u00eb, mora vendimin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb jet\u00ebs sime; t\u00eb mos martohem dhe t\u2019ia p\u00ebrkushtoj gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn time babait dhe v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve e motrave t\u00eb mia q\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo duke shpjeguar se p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive, iu kthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri pun\u00ebs n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se t\u00eb ardhurat q\u00eb babai i saj i siguronte nga bag\u00ebtia nuk ishin t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maja tregon se si vendimet q\u00eb mori asokohe, nuk rezultuan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e motrat e Majas u martuan, e kjo mbeti e vetme me v\u00ebllain e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb q\u00eb babai ia kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi asaj. \u201cShum\u00eb pak koh\u00eb pasi m\u00eb vdiq babai, m\u00eb erdhi nj\u00eb let\u00ebr n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe un\u00eb meq\u00eb nuk dija t\u00eb lexoja, letr\u00ebn ia tregova v\u00ebllait tim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Kur ai e lexoi e m\u00eb tregoi se p\u00ebr \u00e7ka b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka ndryshoi. V\u00ebllai i madh m\u00eb kishte paditur p\u00ebr pron\u00ebn q\u00eb kisha trash\u00ebguar nga babai\u201d, thot\u00eb Maja me nj\u00eb ton zhg\u00ebnjyes. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha sakrificave dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive, sot Maja lufton p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb pron\u00eb, edhe pse v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e motrat e tjera konsiderojn\u00eb se prona u takon v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrvojat e Majas, nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb grave t\u00eb komuniteteve pakic\u00eb, demonstrojn\u00eb rrug\u00eb psiko-sociale dhe strukturore, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cilave racizmi dhe diskriminimi ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb mohimin e t\u00eb drejtave themelore t\u00eb tyre si qytetare t\u00eb vendit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rom\u00ebt, ashkalinjt\u00eb dhe egjiptian\u00ebt jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zona t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe japin kontribut thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri me traditat dhe kulturat e tyre. K\u00ebto komunitete jan\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb 24 komuna t\u00eb ndryshme, me nj\u00eb prani m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb komunat si Ferizaj, Fush\u00eb Kosova, Gjakova, Peja dhe Prizreni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e fundit t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2011, tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jetojn\u00eb 8,824 rom\u00eb, 15,436 ashkalinj dhe 11,524 egjiptian\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, rom\u00ebt p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 0.51% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ashkalinjt\u00eb 0.89% dhe egjiptian\u00ebt 0.66%. Sidoqoft\u00eb, konsiderohet se k\u00ebto shifra nuk paraqesin numrin e sakt\u00eb demografik t\u00eb komuniteteve pakic\u00eb, si pasoj\u00eb e mosregjistrimit civil t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb komuniteteve, mosregjistrimit t\u00eb vdekjeve dhe l\u00ebvizjet e popullat\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhje me migracion dhe riatdhesim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb opinionin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm mbi at\u00eb se si funksionojn\u00eb komunitetet e margjinalizuara, zakonisht faj\u00ebsohen vet\u00eb komunitetet p\u00ebr gjendjen e tyre. Kjo tendenc\u00eb p\u00ebr faj\u00ebsim, d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb segregim shoq\u00ebror dhe shtypje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre grupeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diskriminimi, analfabetizmi, papun\u00ebsia dhe mungesa e siguris\u00eb sociale kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb shumica e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb margjina t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Zakonisht familjet rome, ashkalike dhe egjiptiane nuk g\u00ebzojn\u00eb as sh\u00ebrbimet elementare publike. Lagjet ku jan\u00eb t\u00eb lokalizuara k\u00ebto komunitete p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu rrug\u00ebt, past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e ndri\u00e7imin. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnduara ekonomike, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm i tyre jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb improvizuara q\u00eb shpesh nuk i plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb as kushtet bazike p\u00ebr jetes\u00eb. Kur flasim p\u00ebr grat\u00eb rome, diskriminimi b\u00ebhet i shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i eg\u00ebr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varf\u00ebri e dhun\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elma Fetahu, nj\u00eb grua 43-vje\u00e7are e komunitetit rom, jeton bashk\u00eb me burrin dhe gjasht\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb barak\u00eb nj\u00ebdhom\u00ebshe, e cila nuk ka as dritare n\u00eb Lagjen Brekoc n\u00eb Gjakov\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo ishte martuar n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-vje\u00e7are dhe kishte lindur dy f\u00ebmij\u00eb. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve brenda familjes, Elma u detyrua t\u00eb ndahet nga bashk\u00ebshorti e f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb te prind\u00ebrit e saj. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUn\u00eb u ktheva n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e prind\u00ebrve. Ishin momente shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr mua, sepse po lija pas dy f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i braktisa pa d\u00ebshir\u00ebn time. Aq shum\u00eb vuajta, saq\u00eb me dit\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra nuk dilja nga dhoma e vet\u00ebm qaja\u201d, tregon Elma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo tregon se m\u00eb pas u pun\u00ebsua si mir\u00ebmbajt\u00ebse n\u00eb spital, sepse ishte e detyruar t\u00eb fitonte para, por edhe t\u00eb kalonte pak koh\u00eb jasht\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNgadal\u00eb po m\u00ebsohesha me fatin q\u00eb kisha, dhe p\u00ebr ta hequr mendjen nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb m\u00eb kishin ndodhur vendosa t\u00eb punoja dhe t\u00eb kujdesesha p\u00ebr veten time, sepse koh\u00ebt e fundit aq shum\u00eb e kisha l\u00ebn\u00eb veten pas, saq\u00eb kur shihesha n\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb, nuk e njihja veten\u201d, thot\u00eb Elma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 25-vje\u00e7are, ajo u martua p\u00ebr her\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb dhe u b\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTani un\u00eb punoj n\u00eb nj\u00eb restorant, laj en\u00ebt. Bashk\u00ebshorti im punon ende si mir\u00ebmbajt\u00ebs n\u00eb varreza. Me ato pak t\u00eb holla q\u00eb fitojm\u00eb mundohemi t\u2019ua plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve tan\u00eb kushtet, por strehimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ende problem i madh p\u00ebr ne\u201d, thot\u00eb Elma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nazmije Hasani, nj\u00eb 20-vje\u00e7are rome q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb Lagjen 028 n\u00eb Fush\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, tregon d\u00ebshir\u00ebn q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar si frizere, por q\u00eb pasi u martua e re dhe lindi f\u00ebmij\u00eb nuk kishte mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndiqte ndonj\u00eb shkollim apo kurs profesioni. F\u00ebmij\u00ebn e par\u00eb e kishte lindur kur ishte vet\u00ebm 13 vjet, nd\u00ebrsa tani ka edhe kat\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKam shkuar nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00eb sociale p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar pun\u00eb, pastruese ose \u00e7kado q\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb, por m\u00eb kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00ebtore dhe m\u00eb kan\u00eb larguar jasht\u00eb. Pastaj i kam th\u00ebn\u00eb burrit q\u00eb kam vendos\u00eb mos me dal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar pun\u00eb, sepse vet\u00ebm po m\u00eb largojn\u00eb e po m\u00eb ofendojn\u00eb\u201d, tregon Nazmija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e grave n\u00eb lagjet e k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve n\u00eb Fush\u00eb Kosov\u00eb detyrohen q\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhin mbeturina t\u00eb riciklueshme si kano\u00e7e, najlon, let\u00ebr e plastik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar pak para, sa p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb ushqimin e dit\u00ebs. Sulltane Berisha nj\u00eb grua rome q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lagje thot\u00eb se del \u00e7do dit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur mbeturina n\u00eb kontejner\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se nuk ka arritur t\u00eb gjej\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. \u201cKur kam shkuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar pun\u00eb, m\u00eb kan\u00eb than\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019ka pun\u00eb p\u00ebr neve. P\u00ebr rome s\u2019ka pun\u00eb\u201d, tregon Sulltanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pun\u00ebn e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb e b\u00ebn edhe Makfire Ilazi, 40-vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shumica e grumbulluesve t\u00eb skrapit punojn\u00eb me or\u00eb t\u00eb gjata e pa doreza e mjeta t\u00eb tjera mbrojt\u00ebse. Ecjet e gjata, bartja e peshave t\u00eb r\u00ebnda dhe q\u00ebndrimi me or\u00eb af\u00ebr kontejner\u00ebve rrezikon direkt sh\u00ebndetin e k\u00ebtyre grave. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, fitimi nga kjo pun\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i vog\u00ebl. Zakonisht p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebs fitojn\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb euro n\u00eb dit\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt nuk mbulon as shpenzimet bazike t\u00eb familjeve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeta e r\u00ebnduar e me probleme mbijetese, shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb burim i dhun\u00ebs brenda familjes. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb ka siguruar QIKA nga Policia e Kosov\u00ebs, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb viteve 2015-2021 jan\u00eb raportuar 241 raste t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb familje nga komuniteti rom, 239 nga komuniteti ashkali dhe 160 nga ai egjiptian. M\u00eb t\u00eb prekurat nga dhuna n\u00eb familje jan\u00eb vajzat dhe grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n \"\"<\/div>\n\n\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb MICS p\u00ebr vitin 2020, 57.1% e grave nga komunitetet rom, egjiptian dhe ashkali besojn\u00eb se burri \u00ebsht\u00eb i justifikuar t\u00eb rrah\u00eb gruan e tij. N\u00eb pyetjet se kur arsyetohet dhuna, 30.3% e grave kan\u00eb menduar se dhuna \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme n\u00ebse grat\u00eb dalin pa i treguar burrit; 48.6% e tyre kan\u00eb arsyetuar dhun\u00ebn n\u00ebse ato i neglizhojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt; 30.5% n\u00ebse grat\u00eb debatojn\u00eb me burrat; 26.9% n\u00ebse grat\u00eb refuzojn\u00eb t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie seksuale me ta, dhe 13.7% n\u00ebse gruaja djeg ushqimin e p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr dark\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qasja e kufizuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupet e margjinalizuara dhe grupet e pakicave etnike qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore e kan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Kjo ndodh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb pafavorshme ekonomike, munges\u00ebs s\u00eb informatave, munges\u00ebs s\u00eb politikave q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kushteve t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs etj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb raportit t\u00eb Strategjis\u00eb p\u00ebr P\u00ebrfshirjen e Komuniteteve Rom dhe Ashkali n\u00eb Shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb Kosovare 2017-2021, pengesat kryesore p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jan\u00eb kryesisht ato financiare, larg\u00ebsia nga objektet e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, si dhe koh\u00ebt e gjata t\u00eb pritjes. K\u00ebshtu, 79.5% e pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb komuniteteve pakic\u00eb shpesh nuk e vizitojn\u00eb mjekun p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pamund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar ila\u00e7et apo trajtimin, 48.8% prej tyre nuk kan\u00eb vizituar mjekun p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb larg\u00ebsis\u00eb, 54.5% p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb transportit, nd\u00ebrsa 49.6% e t\u00eb anketuarve kan\u00eb pohuar se kan\u00eb anashkaluar vizitat te mjeku p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb pritjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vajzat dhe grat\u00eb e komuniteteve pakic\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb cenuara kur flasim p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin riprodhues, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb ekstreme, munges\u00ebs s\u00eb ujit dhe materialeve higjienike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stigma q\u00eb grat\u00eb hasin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kur diskutohet sh\u00ebndeti riprodhues, koncepti se ato duhet t\u00eb kontrollohen te gjinekologu vet\u00ebm kur kan\u00eb probleme, racizmi sistematik q\u00eb i p\u00ebrndjek n\u00ebp\u00ebr dhomat e spitaleve jan\u00eb disa prej arsyeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb r\u00ebnduar sh\u00ebndetin e tyre riprodhues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRrethanat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb tilla, ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb grua q\u00eb na ka ndihmuar me lind\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, deri n\u00eb at\u00eb moment se kam dit\u00eb as a \u00ebsht\u00eb djal\u00eb a \u00e7ik\u00eb. Madje edhe kur kam abortuar, nuk e kam vizituar mjekun se nuk kam pasur probleme\u201d, thot\u00eb Fatime Krasniqi, nj\u00eb grua 59-vje\u00e7are, nga komuniteti egjiptian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, bashk\u00ebthemeluesja e organizat\u00ebs \u201cThe Ideas Partnership\u201d, Elizabeth Gowing, tregon eksperienc\u00ebn se si kur ka shoq\u00ebruar grat\u00eb rome n\u00eb spital p\u00ebr kontrolle gjinekologjike, ato jan\u00eb diskriminuar dhe nuk jan\u00eb trajtuar dinjitetsh\u00ebm. \u201cShum\u00eb her\u00eb kam shkuar bashk\u00eb me grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb dasht\u00eb me vendos\u00eb spirale te mjeku, dhe n\u00eb nj\u00ebrin prej rasteve mjeku i ka th\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb gruaje se \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e papast\u00ebr p\u00ebr me i vendos\u00eb spiralen, ose n\u00eb rastet e tjera mjeku ka ndar\u00eb me mua informata gjinekologjike mbi sh\u00ebndetin e grave, gj\u00eb q\u00eb shkel\u00eb konfidencialitetin\u201d, tregon Gowing.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n \"\"<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kujdesi para dhe pas lindjes \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, por fatkeq\u00ebsisht shum\u00eb prej grave t\u00eb intervistuara pohuan se nuk kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb vizita te gjinekologu. Disa prej tyre edhe procesin e lindjes e kishin kryer n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi pa ndihm\u00ebn e profesionist\u00ebve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPas lindjes s\u00eb vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl, e cila ka 6 vje\u00e7 nuk jam vizituar m\u00eb te gjinekologu\u201d, tregon Safete Hasanaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edhe pse 94,.% e romeve, 99.0% e ashkalikeve dhe 98.1% e egjiptianeve jan\u00eb kontrolluar s\u00eb paku nj\u00eb her\u00eb nga stafi i kualifikuar mjek\u00ebsor para lindjes, p\u00ebrqindja e vizitave rrallohet duksh\u00ebm p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, ku n\u00eb muajin 4-5 t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb jan\u00eb vizituar nga stafi mjek\u00ebsor vet\u00ebm 8.1% e grave rome, 6.2% e ashkalikeve dhe 9.8% e egjiptianeve. P\u00ebrqindja e vizitave p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb muajit t\u00eb 6-7 t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb varion prej 8.4% te romet, 0.0% te ashkaliket dhe 1.3% te egjiptianet. Nd\u00ebrsa vizitat mungojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm mbi muajin e tet\u00eb t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, ku t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se vet\u00ebm 1.3% e egjiptianeve dhe 0.9% e ashkalikeve jan\u00eb vizituar te mjeku pas muajit t\u00eb tet\u00eb t\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb. Sa i p\u00ebrket kontrollit pas lindjes, 29.2% e grave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve vizitohen pas jav\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb pas lindjes, nd\u00ebrsa 63.1% nuk vizitohen asnj\u00ebher\u00eb pas lindjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mungesa e p\u00ebrfshirjes n\u00eb planifikim familjar dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb kontraceptiv\u00ebve, ka shkaktuar shpesh shtatz\u00ebni t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruara, num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe aborte te grat\u00eb e komuniteteve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNuk p\u00ebrdori masa mbrojt\u00ebse sepse nuk kemi kushte, andaj ruhem vet\u00eb p\u00ebr mos me mbet\u00eb shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb\u201d, tregon Nazmije Hasani. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb unike vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Nazmijen, nj\u00ebjt\u00eb shprehen edhe grat\u00eb e tjera, t\u00eb cilat thon\u00eb se vet\u00ebm kur kan\u00eb shkuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb lindur kan\u00eb vizituar gjinekologun, nd\u00ebrsa shumica shprehnin se nuk e dinin se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb kontraceptiv\u00ebt ose se nuk kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u2019i blejn\u00eb ato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i kontraceptiv\u00ebve dallon si p\u00ebr nga p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia etnike dhe niveli i arsimit, ashtu edhe statusi martesor. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ASK-s\u00eb i publikuar n\u00eb vitin 2014, shkalla e prevalenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb kontraceptiv\u00ebve tregon nj\u00eb trend n\u00eb r\u00ebnie (nga 15% n\u00eb vitin 2009 n\u00eb 14% n\u00eb vitin 2013). Nevoja e paplot\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr planifikim familjar \u00ebsht\u00eb 9% p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe 18% p\u00ebr grat\u00eb rome, ashkalike dhe egjiptiane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas studimit thuhet se 37.9% e vajzave dhe grave q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb martuara ose n\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetes\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur asnj\u00eb metod\u00eb kontraceptive, me \u00e7\u2019rast p\u00ebrqindja \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb te zona rurale (39.7%), nd\u00ebrsa zona urbane (36.4%). Metoda m\u00eb e shprehur kund\u00ebr shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo tradicionale, pra t\u00ebrheqje me 49.4%, nd\u00ebrsa metoda t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrdoren duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb pak, nd\u00ebr to spiralja (3.1%), pilulat (2.3%), kondom p\u00ebr vajza (0.3%) dhe kondom p\u00ebr djem (2.9%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, grat\u00eb rome, ashkalike dhe egjiptiane shpesh jan\u00eb pre e martesave t\u00eb hershme, ku 12% prej tyre martohen para mosh\u00ebs 15-vje\u00e7are, nd\u00ebrsa 43% prej tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb martuara ose bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb me partner\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 18-vje\u00e7are. Martesat e hershme mund t\u00eb vijn\u00eb edhe si pasoj\u00eb e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb arsimimit dhe p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb vajzave e grave t\u00eb komuniteteve pakic\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs. Shpeshher\u00eb martesat imponohen nga familja dhe rrethi familjar, ku i detyrojn\u00eb vajzat e tyre t\u00eb martohen n\u00eb momentin kur ato hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e adoleshenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n \"\"<\/div>\n\n\n

Minushe Derrin, egjiptiane, tani 57-vje\u00e7are, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira ekonomike e detyruan n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 16-vje\u00e7are t\u00eb martohet pa d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e saj. Ajo flet p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si rezistonte ndaj k\u00ebtij vendimi, meqen\u00ebse e konsideronte veten ende f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPasi kisha p\u00ebrfunduar klas\u00ebn e tet\u00eb, doja shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkollohesha, e konsideroja veten akoma f\u00ebmij\u00eb, kur n\u00ebna m\u00eb tregoi q\u00eb do t\u00eb m\u00eb martonte. Un\u00eb me ato mend f\u00ebmije q\u00eb kisha, dola me vrap n\u00eb oborrin e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe fillova t\u00eb luaja me balt\u00eb, u b\u00ebra pis duke shpresuar q\u00eb n\u00ebna do t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb dhe nuk do t\u00eb m\u00eb martonte, e do ta kuptonte se un\u00eb isha akoma f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe nuk isha e gatshme p\u00ebr martes\u00eb. Por ishte e kot\u00eb, n\u00ebna nuk hoqi dor\u00eb dhe 1 muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00ebra nuse p\u00ebr dik\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e njihja fare e as emrin nuk ia dija,\u201d shpjegon ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edhe Safete Hasanaj, grua rome nga Gjakova, thot\u00eb se martesa e hershme ishte nj\u00eb imponim p\u00ebr t\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rrethanave n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jetonte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPas nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrie t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, ku n\u00ebna m\u00eb kishte vdekur kur un\u00eb isha nj\u00ebvje\u00e7are dhe babai na braktisi, ne q\u00ebndruam s\u00eb bashku me motra dhe v\u00ebllez\u00ebr, ku ata u kujdes\u00ebn p\u00ebr mua. Kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta u martuan, babai vendosi t\u00eb m\u00eb pranonte n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij. Me gjith\u00eb g\u00ebzimin tim, un\u00eb e kuptova q\u00eb ai kishte q\u00ebllime t\u00eb tjera. Ai donte t\u00eb m\u00eb martonte, dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte para nga familja q\u00eb do t\u00eb martohesha, dhe un\u00eb meq\u00eb nuk kisha zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr, sepse po b\u00ebhesha barr\u00eb p\u00ebr v\u00ebllan\u00eb, pranova t\u00eb martohesha me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb se paku t\u00eb isha e sigurt n\u00eb strehimin e bashk\u00ebshortit\u201d, tregon ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si rezultat i numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe kushteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda ekonomike, prind\u00ebrit (m\u00eb shpesh baballar\u00ebt) ua imponojn\u00eb vajzave t\u00eb tyre martes\u00ebn. E n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, vajzat n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb pron\u00ebs, shkollimit e pun\u00ebsimit, detyrohen t\u2019u n\u00ebnshtrohen k\u00ebtyre marr\u00ebveshjeve mizogjene dhe patriarkale. Andaj si form\u00eb t\u00eb parandalimit, shum\u00eb aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb fush\u00ebs e shohin ngritjen e vet\u00ebdijes mbi pasojat negative t\u00eb martesave t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7doher\u00eb kur mbajm\u00eb diskutime mbi martesat e hershme dhe d\u00ebmet q\u00eb sjellin ato, mundohemi q\u00eb n\u00eb diskutim t\u2019i p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb an\u00ebtaret e familjes, jo vet\u00ebm vajzat\u201d, thot\u00eb Xhulieta Devolli nga Rrjeti i Organizatave t\u00eb Grave Rome, Ashkalike dhe Egjiptiane t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket qasjes n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr vajzat dhe grat\u00eb e komuniteteve pakic\u00eb, Aida Morina nga Ministria e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb tha se kjo ministri ka realizuar vizita tek komunitetet rom, ashkalinj dhe egjiptian por jo specifikisht me fokus tek grat\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMegjithat\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb q\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb vit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb zhvillohet fushata e vaksinimit kund\u00ebr COVID-19, grat\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e grupeve t\u00eb targetuara. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me komunat, grat\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve, jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vizitave mjek\u00ebsore n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, ku zakonisht punohet n\u00eb k\u00ebshillimin e tyre p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e mbrojtjes sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe parandalimin e s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb ndryshme\u201d, thot\u00eb Morina n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr QIKA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Larg bankave shkollore<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn, diskriminimi dhe sistemet shkollore jogjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse sistematikisht i privojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e komuniteteve pakic\u00eb nga e drejta e tyre p\u00ebr arsim. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga MICS t\u00eb vitit 2020, 15% e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve rom\u00eb, egjiptian\u00eb e ashkalinj jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb sistemit arsimor n\u00eb nivelin fillor dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb nivelin e mes\u00ebm t\u00eb lart\u00eb, kjo shif\u00ebr arrin n\u00eb 21%. Edhe ata q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb regjistrimin e shkoll\u00ebs, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb braktisin para p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb shkollimit baz\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb racizmit n\u00eb shkolla dhe p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb shkollave p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e tyre. Shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb rom\u00eb gjurmohen n\u00eb shkolla speciale dhe klasa p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara thjesht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dallimeve t\u00eb tyre gjuh\u00ebsore. K\u00ebshtu ka boshll\u00ebqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb barazis\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e arsimit t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e komuniteteve t\u00eb margjinalizuara dhe bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt e tyre shumic\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n \"\"<\/div>\n\n\n

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Ky fenomen p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebrin prej dimensioneve t\u00eb diskriminimit me t\u00eb cilin vajzat nga komunitetet rom, egjiptian e ashkali p\u00ebrballen gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb ciklit t\u00eb tyre jet\u00ebsor. Boshll\u00ebqet arsimore t\u00eb komuniteteve pakic\u00eb kan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb dimension t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm gjinor. P\u00ebrqindja e vajzave nga komunitetet pakic\u00eb q\u00eb regjistrohen n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn fillore \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 82.6%, krahasuar me 98.4% p\u00ebr vajzat e komunitetit shumic\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebto shifra b\u00ebhen edhe m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese kur flasim p\u00ebr nivelin e shkollimit t\u00eb mes\u00ebm t\u00eb lart\u00eb. P\u00ebrqindja e vajzave q\u00eb vijojn\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e mesme t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb komunitetin shumic\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 90.4%, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr vajzat nga komunitet pakic\u00eb bie n\u00eb 30.9%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo r\u00ebnie drastike na l\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se shpeshher\u00eb problematika e pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb ul\u00ebt nuk q\u00ebndron krejt\u00ebsisht te mosregjistrimi, por edhe te mosvazhdim\u00ebsia e ndjekjes s\u00eb m\u00ebsimit, me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb \u2013 braktisja. Si \u00e7do problem tjet\u00ebr shoq\u00ebror, edhe braktisja e shkoll\u00ebs nga vajzat e komuniteteve pakic\u00eb nuk vjen si pasoj\u00eb e nj\u00eb faktori t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, por m\u00eb tep\u00ebr si nj\u00eb kombinim i tyre; martesat e hershme, diskriminimi me baz\u00eb racore e fetare, gjendjet e pafavorshme financiare e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore \u2013 jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa nga to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shum\u00eb vajza nga k\u00ebto komunitete jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb familje me kushte varf\u00ebrie q\u00eb krijojn\u00eb pengesa p\u00ebr qasjen e tyre n\u00eb arsim. Me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb kufizuara familjare, shum\u00eb familje nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb kostot p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre e n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti p\u00ebr vajzat. N\u00eb shum\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre familjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e zakonshme q\u00eb vajzat t\u00eb braktisin shkollimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb aktivitetet ekonomike t\u00eb familjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVarf\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor n\u00eb martesat e hershme, sepse prind\u00ebrit i martojn\u00eb vajzat vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr me e largu nj\u00eb konsumator nga ekonomia e tyre familjare. Shum\u00eb shpesh prind\u00ebrit m\u00eb kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se nuk kan\u00eb luksin p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebrguar vajz\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se kur dalin gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar l\u00ebmosh\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb burim t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave, nd\u00ebrsa kur ato vijojn\u00eb m\u00ebsimin kjo nuk ndodh\u201d, tregon Elizabeth Gowing p\u00ebrderisa shpjegon nd\u00ebrlidhjen e faktorit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb me diskriminimin e shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb vajzat nga komunitetet pakic\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ofrimi i kujdesit ndaj familjar\u00ebve tjer\u00eb luan po ashtu rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb kuptimin e fenomenit t\u00eb braktisjes s\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs. Qysh n\u00eb mosha t\u00eb hershme, vajzave shoq\u00ebria ua krijon aluzionin se roli i tyre jet\u00ebsor shpeshher\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vendosur brenda mureve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb me barr\u00ebn e kujdesit dhe pun\u00ebve t\u00eb papaguara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPes\u00eb vite kam ndjekur m\u00ebsimin, por pastaj e braktisa p\u00ebr shkak se prind\u00ebrit kan\u00eb punuar, k\u00ebshtu mua m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb kujdesem p\u00ebr v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit dhe motrat, si m\u00eb e madhja nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebt\u201d, tregon Hatiqe Krasniqi nga Fush\u00eb Kosova. Ngjash\u00ebm me Hatiqen, edhe Elma pohon se m\u00ebsimin e ndoqi vet\u00ebm deri n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e kat\u00ebrt, kur n\u00ebna, e cila punonte, e detyroi ta nd\u00ebrpriste shkollimin me arsyen se Elma duhej t\u00eb kujdesej p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, p\u00ebrgatitjen e ushqimit dhe larjen e rrobave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShpesh gjat\u00eb or\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit nuk isha fare e koncentruar, sepse mendjen e kisha n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj, mos kam harruar ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb, a jan\u00eb lar\u00eb rrobat mir\u00eb e gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb p\u00ebr mua si f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d, shpjegon ajo derisa p\u00ebrshkruan ato kat\u00ebr vjet n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elizabeth Gowing, e cila punoi p\u00ebr 13 vjet me komunitetet rom, ashkali dhe egjiptian n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, tregon se p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb saj \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar shum\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019ua mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb shkollimin dhe p\u00ebrmes organizat\u00ebs \u201cThe Ideas Partnership\u201d u ka ndihmuar n\u00eb regjistrim, mir\u00ebpo ajo shpreh se ishte mjaft sfiduese p\u00ebr vajzat q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb shkollimin si pasoj\u00eb e martesave t\u00eb hershme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cN\u00eb vitin 2011 kemi regjistruar 62 f\u00ebmij\u00eb (9 deri 14 vjet) n\u00eb shkolla. Pas dy vjet\u00ebsh, prej atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb braktisur shkoll\u00ebn shumica kan\u00eb qen\u00eb vajza, t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me martesa t\u00eb hershme\u201d, shpjegon ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, jan\u00eb prind\u00ebrit ata q\u00eb inkurajojn\u00eb vajzat e tyre t\u00eb martohen kur jan\u00eb ende f\u00ebmij\u00eb, me shpres\u00ebn se martesa do t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb barr\u00ebn financiare t\u00eb familjes. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr efekti i martesave t\u00eb hershme n\u00eb g\u00ebrshetim me munges\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira publike, shpesh \u00e7on n\u00eb izolim social t\u00eb vajzave. Sipas hulumtimit t\u00eb MICS, mbi 52% e grave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 nga k\u00ebto komunitete ndihen t\u00eb pasigurta gjat\u00eb ecjes vet\u00ebm, n\u00eb lagjet e tyre pas muzgut. Ky izolim cenon shkollimin dhe avancimin e tyre profesional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMartesat e hershme nuk jan\u00eb sfid\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr vajzat. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb edhe djemt\u00eb martohen n\u00eb mosha t\u00eb reja, por dallimi q\u00ebndron te fakti se djemt\u00eb nuk detyrohen ta vendosin jet\u00ebn e tyre publike anash, nd\u00ebrsa vajzat po\u201d, thot\u00eb Elizabeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb rom\u00eb, ashkalinj dhe egjiptian\u00eb po ashtu p\u00ebrballen me sfida t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se gjuha e m\u00ebsimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e tyre amtare. Nj\u00eb disavantazh tjet\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb krahasim me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit nga komunitetet pakic\u00eb duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e zhytur n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e shumic\u00ebs. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetohet si nj\u00eb mjedis i huaj dhe shpesh armiq\u00ebsor. Religjioni \u00ebsht\u00eb po ashtu pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij fenomeni, ku shpesh p\u00ebrdoret si shkas p\u00ebr diskriminim. K\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri e tregon p\u00ebrmes eksperienc\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, 20vje\u00e7arja Nazmije Hasani, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs iu mohua e drejta e ndjekjes s\u00eb m\u00ebsimit n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn \u201cSelman Riza\u201d n\u00eb Fush\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUn\u00eb kam qen\u00eb e mbuluar, andaj nuk m\u00eb kan\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb regjistrohem n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb. Prej d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb vijuar m\u00ebsimin, un\u00eb e hoqa mbules\u00ebn. Por prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb nuk m\u00eb lejuan\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo duke theksuar se prind\u00ebrit nuk ishin ata q\u00eb e penguan, por refuzimet e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme nga udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsia e shkoll\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, pjes\u00ebmarrjet e ul\u00ebta arsimore t\u00eb vajzave n\u00eb mesin e komuniteteve pakic\u00eb mund t\u2019u atribuohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe institucioneve t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dob\u00ebt ose joekzistente, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb duhej t\u2019i ofronin mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zhvillimin, kujdesin dhe edukimin e tyre. \u201cShpeshher\u00eb ka hezitim prej institucioneve p\u00ebr ta krijuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr me i regjistru f\u00ebmij\u00ebt prej komuniteteve pakic\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Elizabeth Gowing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QIKA ka kontaktuar Ministrin\u00eb e Arsimit, Shkenc\u00ebs, Teknologjis\u00eb dhe Inovacionit n\u00eb lidhje me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e braktisjes s\u00eb shkollave nga komunitetet pakic\u00eb, por nuk ka marr\u00eb asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuk ka dyshim se arsimimi i vajzave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb parakusht p\u00ebr luftimin e varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pabarazis\u00eb. Arsimi fuqizon dhe transformon grat\u00eb. Kjo u mund\u00ebson atyre t\u00eb thyejn\u00eb ciklin tradicional t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimit q\u00eb i mban n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura nga jeta publike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh gjinor si n\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebrje, ashtu edhe n\u00eb ofrimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve publike p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht komunitetet pakic\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb adresohet pozicioni margjinal q\u00eb shum\u00eb vajza dhe gra rome vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb si brenda komuniteteve, ashtu edhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb inkurajohet angazhimi qytetar i k\u00ebtyre grave, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb z\u00ebrin e tyre politik. Duke m\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr padrejt\u00ebsit\u00eb historike dhe strukturore, ato do t\u00eb fuqizohen p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrballur me situata t\u00eb padrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb nivel publik dhe privat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi civil \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr sigurimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi i qytetar\u00ebve n\u00eb regjistrat civil \u00ebsht\u00eb parakusht p\u00ebr posedimin dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut. Identiteti ligjor p\u00ebrcillet p\u00ebrmes certifikat\u00ebs s\u00eb lindjes, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme q\u00eb nj\u00eb individ t\u00eb ket\u00eb qasje n\u00eb asete shtet\u00ebrore dhe t\u2019i ofrohet siguria e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb. Andaj, regjistrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb hapi i par\u00eb ku sigurohet q\u00eb individ\u00ebt t\u00eb njihen para ligjit, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit t\u00eb drejtat e tyre mbrohen dhe garantohen me \u00e7do kusht. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi dhe certifikata e lindjes jan\u00eb gjithashtu d\u00ebshmi ligjore sa i p\u00ebrket vendit t\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb personi dhe lidhjeve familjare t\u00eb tij dhe rrjedhimisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u2019u pajisur me pasaport\u00eb. N\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb rritur, certifikata e lindjes mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar nga ndihma sociale, ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur vende pune, p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb trash\u00ebguar pron\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi i lindjeve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb aktualisht rregullohet nga Ligji p\u00ebr Regjistrat e Gjendjes Civile dhe Ligji p\u00ebr Familjen. Certifikata e lindjes k\u00ebrkohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur qasje n\u00eb kujdes sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, arsim dhe pun\u00ebsim, mir\u00ebqenie sociale dhe pensione, regjistrim t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimesh t\u00eb tjera. T\u00eb gjitha lindjet q\u00eb kryhen n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Klinike Universitare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, n\u00eb spitalin kryesor dhe n\u00eb ato rajonale t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs mund t\u00eb regjistrohen pa pages\u00eb brenda nd\u00ebrtesave t\u00eb spitalit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb intervistimit t\u00eb grave nga komunitete pakic\u00eb, shumica prej tyre tregonin se lindjet e tyre, ose disa prej lindjeve t\u00eb tyre, i kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha ato lindje q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb rregull sa i p\u00ebrket identitetit ligjor. Nd\u00ebrsa kur jan\u00eb pyetur se a njihnin persona n\u00eb rrethin e tyre q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb regjistrat civil dhe nuk posedojn\u00eb dokumentacione, shum\u00eb prej tyre shprehnin se njihnin dik\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i regjistruar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast n\u00eb lagjen ton\u00eb, ku prind\u00ebrit kan\u00eb braktisur f\u00ebmij\u00ebn e tyre dhe tani p\u00ebrkujdeset gjyshja p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Si pasoj\u00eb, f\u00ebmija nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i regjistruar dhe gjyshja nuk mundet ta regjistroj\u00eb pasi prind\u00ebrit nuk jan\u00eb lajm\u00ebruar m\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Hatiqe Krasniqi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mosregjistrimi civil i pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb komuniteteve rom, ashkali dhe egjiptian \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb penges\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr ta dhe gjithashtu kontribuon edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb diskriminimin q\u00eb e p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb. Sipas Ligjit p\u00ebr Skemat e Ndihmave Sociale, p\u00ebr t\u2019u kualifikuar p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb sociale, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e familjes aplikuese duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pajisur me dokumente t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Edhe pse nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb sakta p\u00ebr numrin e pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre komuniteteve q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar, sipas vler\u00ebsimeve nga studimi i vitit 2015 vler\u00ebsohet se rreth 600 pjes\u00ebtar\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar, nd\u00ebrsa studimi i ASK-s\u00eb ka gjetur se 20% e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nuk posedojn\u00eb certifikat\u00eb t\u00eb lindjes. Arsyet p\u00ebr mosregjistrim jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb procedurat p\u00ebr rastet kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nuk lindin n\u00eb spital, varf\u00ebria dhe analfabetizmi, mungesa e regjistrimeve n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjenerata, mungesa e vet\u00ebdijesimit p\u00ebr obligimin p\u00ebr regjistrim dhe t\u00eb drejtat\/ p\u00ebrfitimet nga regjistrimi, si dhe jetesa n\u00eb banesa joformale. Mungesa e informacionit p\u00ebr procedurat p\u00ebr regjistrim duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr arsye p\u00ebr mosregjistrimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, ngase 40% e kujdestar\u00ebve t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb paregjistruar kan\u00eb theksuar se nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb dijeni p\u00ebr procedurat e regjistrimit t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb porsalindur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ministria e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Brendshme nuk u \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur pyetjeve q\u00eb ka d\u00ebrguar QIKA lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rreziku nga mosregjistrimi civil varion n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme duke filluar nga qasja n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet deri te rreziku p\u00ebr trafikim. Regjistrimi i lindjes, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht certifikata e lindjes, \u00ebsht\u00eb pasaport\u00eb e p\u00ebrjetshme p\u00ebr njohjen e t\u00eb drejtave, e cila mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar, p\u00ebr t’u martuar ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb pun\u00ebsim formal. Gjithashtu regjistrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb patent\u00eb p\u00ebr vozitje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur llogari bankare, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur qasje n\u00eb pension dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb regjistruar pasardh\u00ebsit. \u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jetike p\u00ebr sigurimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb dhe pron\u00ebs, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi luan gjithashtu rol jetik n\u00eb mbrojtjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nga eksploatimi n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Organizata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Pun\u00ebs vler\u00ebson se n\u00eb bot\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 168 milion\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb eksploatuese, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt 85 milion\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme ose pun\u00eb q\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin dhe sigurin\u00eb e tyre dhe q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndalohet p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 18 vje\u00e7. Nd\u00ebrsa legjislacioni q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton mosh\u00ebn minimale ligjore p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, ai do t\u00eb ket\u00eb pak efekt n\u00ebse mjetet p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar mosh\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme. Si i till\u00eb, regjistrimi i lindjes dhe disponueshm\u00ebria e nj\u00eb certifikate lindjeje jan\u00eb parakusht p\u00ebr parandalimin dhe eliminimin efektiv t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe format e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regjistrimi i lindjes mund t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb eliminimin dhe parandalimin e praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb martes\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme dhe t\u00eb detyruar. Komiteti p\u00ebr Eliminimin e Diskriminimit ndaj Grave dhe organet e tjera k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga shtetet t\u00eb regjistrojn\u00eb lindjet dhe martesat si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar monitorimin e mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb martes\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur zbatimin efektiv t\u00eb ligjeve p\u00ebr mosh\u00ebn minimale t\u00eb martes\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb regjistruar jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb cenuar ndaj trafikimit dhe bir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb paligjsh\u00ebm dhe shitjes s\u00eb tyre. Padukshm\u00ebria ligjore e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb paregjistruar e b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm q\u00eb zhdukja dhe shfryt\u00ebzimi i tyre t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re nga autoritetet. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht rasti kur trafikimi ndodh p\u00ebrtej kufijve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb; nuk ka asnj\u00eb prov\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb autoritetet komb\u00ebtare nuk kan\u00eb se si t\u00eb ndjekin \u00e7\u00ebshtjen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gjithashtu, kur ata nuk regjistrohen, blerja dhe shitja e tyre e paligjshme p\u00ebr bir\u00ebsim nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebror b\u00ebhet e mundur p\u00ebrmes falsifikimit t\u00eb dokumenteve dhe prodhimit t\u00eb certifikatave false t\u00eb lindjes. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt, lindjet e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk jan\u00eb regjistruar jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb sh\u00ebnjest\u00ebr. N\u00eb raportin e Asambles\u00eb s\u00eb P\u00ebrgjithshme (UNHCR, 2014) mbi shitjen, prostitucionin dhe pornografin\u00eb e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, deklarohet se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, lindja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishte regjistruar kishin m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb shiteshin ose t\u00eb bir\u00ebsoheshin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paligjshme, sepse posedonin prova q\u00eb kishin prind\u00ebr dhe mbroheshin me ligj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shkruajn\u00eb Riola Morina dhe Medin\u00eb Dauti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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